Isisindo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, amandla omthelela aphezulu, ukubumba, nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo kushayela ngokushesha isidingo se-thermoplastics, esiza ukugcina izinto zikagesi, izibani, nezinjini zezimoto zipholile.#Polyolefin
Inhlanganisela ye-PolyOne ye-thermal conductive isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezimoto ne-E/E, ezifana nezibani ze-LED, osinki bokushisa kanye nezindawo ezivalekile zikagesi.
Imikhiqizo ye-PC ye-Covestro's Makrolon eshisayo ihlanganisa amamaki ezibani ze-LED namasinki okushisa.
Inhlanganisela ye-RTP ye-thermal conductive ingasetshenziswa ezindlini ezifana namabhokisi ebhethri, kanye nama-radiator kanye nezingxenye ezengeziwe zokulahla ukushisa ezididiyelwe.
Ama-OEM akugesi/elekthronikhi, ezezimoto, izibani, imishini yezokwelapha, kanye nezimboni zemishini yezimboni abezimisele kakhulu nge-thermoplastics conductive thermally conductive iminyaka eminingi ngoba afuna izixazululo ezintsha zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisa ama-radiator namanye amathuluzi okukhipha ukushisa, ama-LED.Ikesi nekesi lebhethri.
Ucwaningo lwemboni lubonisa ukuthi lezi zinto zikhula ngenani lamadijithi amabili, eliqhutshwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezifana nezimoto zikagesi wonke, izimoto eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingxenye ezinkulu zokukhanyisa ze-LED zezentengiselwano.Amapulasitiki asebenza ngokushisa aphansi abekela inselele izinto zendabuko, njengezinsimbi (ikakhulukazi i-aluminium) nezitsha zobumba, ngoba zinezinzuzo eziningi: izinhlanganisela zepulasitiki zilula ngesisindo, ziphansi ngezindleko, zakha kalula, zenziwe ngokwezifiso, futhi zinganikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe ekuzinzeni okushisayo. , Amandla omthelela nokumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nokumelana nemihuzuko.
Izithasiselo ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kokushisa zifaka igraphite, igraphene, nezigcwalisi ze-ceramic ezifana ne-boron nitride ne-alumina.Ubuchwepheshe bokuzisebenzisa buyathuthuka futhi bubiza kakhulu.Omunye umkhuba ukwethulwa kwezinsalela zobunjiniyela ezishibhile (njengenayiloni 6 ne-66 kanye ne-PC) kunhlanganisela ye-thermal conductive, efaka izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinenani eliphezulu njenge-PPS, i-PSU, ne-PEI emqhudelwaneni.
Yini le engaka?Umthombo wakwa-RTP uthe: "Ikhono lokwenza izingxenye zenetha, ukunciphisa inani lezingxenye nezinyathelo zokuhlanganisa, nokunciphisa isisindo nezindleko yikona okushukumisa ukwamukelwa kwalezi zinto.""Ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, ezifana nezindawo ezivalekile zikagesi kanye nokweqisa kwengxenye , Ikhono lokudlulisa ukushisa lapho uba isihlukanisi sikagesi yikona okugxilwe kukho."
U-Dalia Naamani-Goldman, IMenenja Yezokumaketha Kwezokuthutha Ngogesi Nezokuthutha kwe-BASF's Functional Materials Business, wanezela: “Ukwenziwa kwe-thermal ngokushesha kuba yinkinga ekhulayo yokukhathazeka kwabakhiqizi bezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nama-OEM ezimoto.Ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezingqinamba zesikhala, izinhlelo zokusebenza zenziwa zibe mincane ngakho-ke ziyashisa. Ukuqoqwa nokusabalalisa amandla sekugxilwe kukho.Uma umkhondo wengxenye ulinganiselwe, kunzima ukwengeza usinki wokushisa wensimbi noma ukufaka ingxenye yensimbi.”
UNahamani-Goldman uchaze ukuthi izinhlelo zikagesi eziphakeme zingena ezimotweni, kanti nesidingo samandla okucubungula siyakhula.Emaphaketheni ebhethri yemoto kagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ukuze kuhlakazwe futhi kuhlakaze ukushisa kwandisa isisindo, okuyinto engathandeki.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zensimbi ezisebenza ngamandla amakhulu zingase zidale ukushaqeka kukagesi okuyingozi.I-resin yepulasitiki esebenza kahle kodwa engaqhubeki ivumela ama-voltage aphezulu ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuphepha kukagesi.
Unjiniyela wezokuthuthukiswa kwensimu kaCelanese uJames Miller (owandulela i-Cool Polymers etholwe yi-Celanese ngo-2014) uthe izingxenye zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi ezimotweni zikagesi, zikhule nesikhala sengxenye Iba ngaphezulu kakhulu futhi iyaqhubeka nokuncipha.“Isici esinciphisa usayizi walezi zingxenye amandla azo okuphatha okushisayo.Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinketho zokupakisha ezisebenza kahle kwenza amadivaysi abe mancane futhi asebenze kahle. "
UMiller uveze ukuthi kumishini ye-elekthronikhi yamandla, amapulasitiki asebenza nge-thermal angagqitshwa noma ahlanganiswe, okuwukukhetha kokuklama okungatholakali ezinsimbi noma ezitsheni zobumba.Kumadivayisi ezokwelapha aphehla ukushisa (njengamadivayisi ezokwelapha anamakhamera noma izingxenye ze-cauterization), ukuguquguquka kwedizayini yamapulasitiki asebenza ngokushisa kuvumela ukupakishwa kokusebenza kwesisindo esincane.
UJean-Paul Scheepens, umphathi jikelele webhizinisi lezinto zobunjiniyela obukhethekile bePolyOne, uveze ukuthi izimboni zezimoto kanye ne-E/E zinesidingo esikhulu samakhomponi ahambisa ukushisa.Uthe le mikhiqizo ingahlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zamakhasimende nezimboni, okubandakanya inkululeko yokuklama eyandisiwe, ukuklama okuvumela Indawo eyandayo ingathuthukisa ukuzinza okushisayo.Ama-polymers asebenzisa i-thermally aphinde anikeze izinketho eziningi ezingasindi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwengxenye, njengokuhlanganisa osinki bokushisa nezindlu ezingxenyeni ezifanayo, kanye nekhono lokudala isistimu yokuphatha okushisayo ehlangene kakhudlwana.Ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwenqubo yokubumba umjovo kungenye into enhle.”
UJoel Matsco, umphathi omkhulu wokumaketha we-polycarbonate e-Covestro, ukholelwa ukuthi amapulasitiki asebenza ngokushisa agxile kakhulu ekufakweni kwezimoto.“Ngosizo lokuminyana okungaba ngu-50%, banganciphisa kakhulu isisindo.Lokhu kunganwetshwa nasezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi.Amamojula amaningi ebhethri asasebenzisa insimbi ekulawuleni okushisayo, futhi ngenxa yokuthi amamojula amaningi asebenzisa izakhiwo eziningi eziphindaphindayo ngaphakathi, asebenzisa i-thermal conductivity Isisindo esilondolozwe ngokufaka izinsimbi esikhundleni sama-polymers sanda ngokushesha.
I-Covestro iphinde ibone ukuthambekela kokukhanya kwezingxenye ezinkulu zokukhanyisa zentengiso.UMatsco uphawula: “Amalambu angamaphawundi angu-35 esikhundleni samalambu angamaphawundi angu-70 adinga ukwakheka okuncane futhi kulula ngabafaki ukuba benze izikafula.”I-Covestro futhi inamaphrojekthi e-electronic enclosure afana namarutha, lapho izingxenye zepulasitiki zisebenza njenge-Container futhi zihlinzeka ngokuphathwa kokushisa.UMatsco uthe: “Kuzo zonke izimakethe, kuye ngokuthi iklanywe kanjani, singakwazi futhi ukunciphisa izindleko ngo-20%.
I-PolyOne's Sheepens iveze ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kobuchwepheshe bayo be-thermal conductivity ezimotweni naku-E/E kufaka phakathi ukukhanya kwe-LED, osinki bokushisa nama-chassis kagesi, njengamabhodi omama, amabhokisi e-inverter, nokuphathwa kwamandla/izinhlelo zokuphepha.Ngokufanayo, imithombo ye-RTP ibona izinhlanganisela zayo ze-thermal conductive zisetshenziswa ezindlini nakumasinki okushisa, kanye nezingxenye ezididiyelwe zokulahla ukushisa ezimbonini, zezokwelapha noma ze-elekthronikhi.
UMatsco waseCovestro uthe ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kokukhanyisa kwezohwebo ukushintshwa kwama-radiators ensimbi.Ngokufanayo, ukuphathwa okushisayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zenethiwekhi ezisezingeni eliphezulu nakho kuyakhula kuma-routers naseziteshini eziyisisekelo.UNahamani-Goldman we-BASF uveze ukuthi izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zihlanganisa amabha amabhasi, amabhokisi okuhlangana amandla kagesi aphezulu nezixhumi, izivikeli zezimoto, namakhamera angaphambili nangemuva.
UMiller kaCelanese uthe amapulasitiki asebenza ngendlela eshisayo enze igxathu elikhulu ekuhlinzekeni ukuguquguquka kwedizayini ye-3D ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphakeme zokuphatha okushisayo zokukhanyisa kwe-LED.Wanezela: “Ezikhanyeni zezimoto, i-CoolPoly Thermally Conductive Polymer (TCP) yethu ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokukhanyisa phezulu ezinephrofayili emincane kanye namaradiyetha ashintsha i-aluminium ezibani zangaphambili.”
UMiller kaCelanese uthe i-CoolPoly TCP inikeza isixazululo sokukhula kwe-automotive head-up display (HUD)-ngenxa yesikhala esilinganiselwe sedeshibhodi, ukugeleza komoya nokushisa, lolu hlelo lokusebenza ludinga ukunqanyulwa kokushisa okuphezulu kunokukhanyisa okufanayo.Ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kule ndawo yemoto."Isisindo sepulasitiki esebenza nge-thermally conductive silula kune-aluminium, enganciphisa umthelela wokushaqeka nokudlidliza kule ngxenye yemoto, okungase kudale ukuhlanekezela kwesithombe."
Odabeni lwebhethri, i-Celanese ithole isixazululo esisunguliwe ngochungechunge lwe-CoolPoly TCP D, olungahlinzeka ngokusebenza okushisayo ngaphandle kokuhamba kukagesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zekhwalithi yohlelo lokusebenza eziqinile uma kuqhathaniswa.Kwesinye isikhathi, izinto eziqinisayo kupulasitiki ophethe ukushisa kunciphisa ubude bayo, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe bezinto ze-Celanese basungule i-CoolPoly TCP esekwe inayiloni, eqinile kunebanga elijwayelekile (amandla aguquguqukayo angu-100 MPa, 14 GPa flexural modulus, 9 kJ / m2 Charpy notch impact) ngaphandle kokudela i-thermal conductivity noma ukuminyana.
I-CoolPoly TCP inikeza ukuguquguquka ekwakhiweni kwe-convection futhi ingahlangabezana nezimfuneko zokudlulisa ukushisa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezike zasebenzisa i-aluminium ngokomlando.Inzuzo yokubunjwa kwayo komjovo ukuthi i-aluminium die castings idla ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamandla e-aluminium, futhi impilo yesevisi inwetshwa izikhathi eziyisithupha.
Ngokusho kukaMatsco waseCovestro, emkhakheni wezimoto, isicelo esiyinhloko ukufaka ama-radiator kumamojula welambu lekhanda, amamojula amalambu enkungu kanye namamojula alula.Osinki okushisa beam ephezulu ye-LED nemisebenzi yokukhanya ephansi, amapayipi okukhanya kwe-LED neziqondiso zokukhanya, amalambu asebenza emini (DRL) namalambu esignali ajikayo konke kuyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezingase zibe khona.
UMatsco waveza: “Enye yezinto ezishukumisayo eziyinhloko ze-Makrolon thermal PC yikhono lokuhlanganisa ngokuqondile umsebenzi wokucwilisa ukushisa ezingxenyeni zokukhanyisa (njengama-reflectors, ama-bezel, nezindlu), okufezwa ngokubunjwa kwemijovo eminingi noma kabili- izindlela zengxenye.“Ngesibonisi kanye nohlaka oluvame ukwenziwa nge-PC, ukunamathela okuthuthukisiwe kungabonakala lapho i-PC ehambisa ukushisa iphinde ibunjwe kuyo ukulawula ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa isidingo sokulungisa izikulufo noma izinto zokunamathisela.Isidingo.Lokhu kunciphisa inani lezingxenye, imisebenzi yokusiza kanye nezindleko zezinga lesistimu jikelele.Ngaphezu kwalokho, emkhakheni wezimoto zikagesi, sibona amathuba ekuphathweni okushisayo kanye nesakhiwo sokusekela samamojula webhethri. "
UNahamani-Goldman we-BASF (Naamani-Goldman) naye washo ezimotweni zikagesi ukuthi izingxenye zephakethe lamabhethri njengezihlukanisi zamabhethri ziyethembisa kakhulu.“Amabhethri e-lithium-ion akhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu, kodwa adinga ukuba sendaweni engaguquki engu-65°C, ngaphandle kwalokho azokwehlisa izinga noma ahluleke.”
Ekuqaleni, izinhlanganisela zepulasitiki ezishisayo zazisekelwe kuma-resin wobunjiniyela asezingeni eliphezulu.Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-resin engineering batch afana nenayiloni 6 no-66, i-PC ne-PBT adlale indima enkulu.UMatsco kaCovestro uthe: “Konke lokhu kutholakale endle.Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu zezindleko, imakethe ibonakala igxile kakhulu enayiloni ne-polycarbonate.”
UScheepens uthe nakuba i-PPS isasetshenziswa kakhulu, inayiloni 6 no-66 yePolyOne kanye ne-PBT yenyukile.
I-RTP ithe inayiloni, i-PPS, i-PBT, i-PC kanye ne-PP yizinhlaka ezidume kakhulu, kodwa kuye ngenselelo yohlelo lokusebenza, kungasetshenziswa ama-thermoplastics amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu afana ne-PEI, i-PEEK ne-PPSU.Umthombo we-RTP uthe: “Isibonelo, usinki wokushisa wesibani se-LED ungenziwa ngezinto eziyinhlanganisela enayiloni 66 ukuze unikeze ukuguquguquka okushisayo okungafika ku-35 W/mK.Kumabhethri okuhlinzwa okumele amelane nokuvala inzalo njalo, i-PPSU iyadingeka.Izakhiwo zokuvikela ugesi futhi zinciphisa ukunqwabelana komswakama.”
U-Nahamani-Goldman uthe i-BASF inezinhlanganisela eziningana ze-thermal conductive commercial, okuhlanganisa inayiloni 6 kanye namabanga angu-66.“Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zethu kufakwe ekukhiqizeni okuhlukahlukene njengezindlu zezimoto nengqalasizinda kagesi.Njengoba siqhubeka nokunquma izidingo zamakhasimende zokuqhuba okushisayo, lena indawo esebenzayo yokuthuthukiswa.Amakhasimende amaningi awazi ukuthi yiliphi izinga alidingayo i-Conductivity, ngakho-ke izinto zokwakha kufanele zihambisane nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ukuze zisebenze kahle.”
I-DSM Engineering Plastics isanda kwethula i-Xytron G4080HR, i-PPS yengilazi engu-40% eqinisiwe eyenza ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokulawula ukushisa kwemoto kagesi.Yakhelwe ngezinto ezishisayo zokuguga, ukumelana ne-hydrolysis, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, ukumelana namakhemikhali emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuncipha komlilo okungokwemvelo.
Ngokwemibiko, le nto ingakwazi ukugcina amandla amahora angu-6000 kuya kwangu-10,000 ekushiseni okuqhubekayo kokusebenza okungaphezu kuka-130°C.Esivivinyweni sakamuva samahora angu-3000 esingu-135°C samanzi/glycol, amandla e-Xytron G4080HR anyuke ngo-114% futhi ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu kukhuphuke ngo-63% uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhiqizo ofanayo.
I-RTP yathi ngokwezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, noma yiziphi izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa, futhi yaveza: "Izithasiselo ezidume kakhulu ziyaqhubeka zibe izithasiselo ezifana ne-graphite, kodwa besilokhu sihlola izinketho ezintsha ezifana ne-graphene noma izithasiselo ezintsha ze-ceramic..uhlelo.”
Isibonelo salokhu kwakamuva saqalwa ngonyaka odlule nguMartinswerk Div ​​​​we-Huber Engineered Polymers.Ngokwemibiko, ngokususelwe ku-alumina, kanye nakumathrendi amasha okufuduka (njengokufaka ugesi), ukusebenza kwezithasiselo zochungechunge lwe-Martoxid kungcono kunezinye i-alumina nezinye izigcwalisi eziqhutshwayo.I-Martoxid ithuthukiswa ngokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye ne-morphology ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukupakishwa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuminyana kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo okuyingqayizivele.Ngokwemibiko, ingasetshenziswa ngenani lokugcwalisa elidlula i-60% ngaphandle kokuthinta izakhiwo zemishini noma ze-rheological.Ibonisa amandla amahle kakhulu ku-PP, TPO, inayiloni 6 no-66, ABS, PC kanye ne-LSR.
I-Matsco ka-Covestro ithe kokubili i-graphite ne-graphene sekusetshenziswe kabanzi, futhi yaveza ukuthi i-graphite inezindleko eziphansi kakhulu kanye nokuqhutshwa kokushisa okuphakathi, kuyilapho i-graphene ivame ukubiza kakhulu, kodwa inezinzuzo ezisobala zokusebenzisa ukushisa.Ubuye wengeza wathi: “Imvamisa kuba nesidingo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-thermally conductive, electrically insulating (TC/EI), futhi kulapho izithasiselo ezifana ne-boron nitride zivame khona.Ngeshwa, awutholi lutho.Kulokhu, i-boron nitride ihlinzeka I-insulation kagesi ithuthukisiwe, kodwa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kuyancishiswa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko ze-boron nitride zingase zibe phezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-TC/EI kufanele ibe ukusebenza okubalulekile okudinga ngokuphuthumayo ukufakazela ukwenyuka kwezindleko.
UNahamani-Goldman weBASF ukubeka ngale ndlela: “Inselele iwukuba nokulinganisela phakathi kwe-thermal conductivity nezinye izidingo;ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingacutshungulwa ngokuphumelelayo ngamanani amakhulu nokuthi izakhiwo zemishini aziwi kakhulu.Enye inselele ukwakha uhlelo olungamukelwa kabanzi.Isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu.”
I-PolyOne's Scheepens ikholelwa ukuthi kokubili izigcwali ezisekelwe ku-carbon-based (graphite) nezigcwalisi ze-ceramic ziyizithasiselo ezithembisayo okulindeleke ukuthi zifinyelele ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal okudingekayo futhi zilinganise ezinye izici zikagesi nemishini.
U-Miller ka-Celanese uthe inkampani ihlole izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukukhethwa okubanzi kakhulu kwemboni ye-resin eyisisekelo ehlanganisiwe ukuze inikeze izithako zobunikazi ezenza i-thermal conductivity Ububanzi buyi-0.4-40 W / mK.
Isidingo sezinhlanganisela ze-multifunctional conductive ezifana ne-thermal conductivity kagesi noma i-thermal ne-flame retardant nayo ibonakala ikhula.
IMatsco kaCovestro yaveza ukuthi ngesikhathi inkampani yethula i-Makrolon TC8030 ne-TC8060 PC ekhiqiza ukushisa, amakhasimende aqala ngokushesha ukubuza ukuthi angenziwa yini izinto zokuvikela ugesi.“Isixazululo asilula kangako.Konke esikwenzayo ukuthuthukisa i-EI kuzoba nomthelela omubi ku-TC.Manje, sinikeza i-Makrolon TC110 polycarbonate futhi sakha ezinye izixazululo ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo.
UNahamani-Goldman weBASF uthe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zidinga ukusebenza okushisayo nezinye izici, njengamaphakethe ebhethri nezixhumi ezinamandla kagesi, zonke ezidinga ukunqanyulwa kokushisa futhi kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokunqanda ilangabi uma usebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion.
I-PolyOne, i-RTP ne-Celanese zonke zibone isidingo esikhulu sezinhlanganisela zemisebenzi eminingi ezivela kuzo zonke izingxenye zemakethe, futhi zihlinzeka ngokuqhutshwa kwe-thermal nokuvikela kwe-EMI, umthelela ophezulu, ukuncipha kwelangabi, ukwahlukanisa ugesi, kanye Nezinhlanganisela ezinemisebenzi efana nokumelana ne-UV nokuzinza kokushisa.
Izindlela zokubumba zendabuko azisebenzi ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu.Ama-Molders adinga ukuqonda izimo ezithile kanye nemingcele yokuxazulula izinkinga ngezinye izikhathi ezibangelwa ukubunjwa komjovo wokushisa okuphezulu.
Ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi uhlobo nenani le-LDPE elixutshwe ne-LLDPE lithinta kanjani ukucutshungulwa namandla/ukuqina kwefilimu eshaywayo.Idatha ikhonjiswa ngezingxube ezicebile ze-LDPE kanye ne-LLDPE.