Li-nanoparticles tsa silevera (AgNPs) li nkoa e le sesebelisoa se ka bang molemo bakeng sa ho laola likokoana-hloko tse sa tšoaneng.Leha ho le joalo, ho na le matšoenyeho mabapi le ho lokolloa ha li-AgNP mecheng ea litaba tsa tikoloho, kaha li ka hlahisa litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba batho le tikolohong.Thutong ena, re ntlafalitse le ho lekola "micrometer-size magnetic hybrid colloid" (MHC) e khabisitsoeng ka boholo bo fapaneng ba AgNPs (AgNP-MHCs).Ka mor'a ho sebelisoa bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko, likaroloana tsena li ka fumanoa habonolo mecheng ea litaba tsa tikoloho li sebelisa thepa ea tsona ea khoheli 'me li lula li sebetsa bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa kokoana-hloko.Re ile ra lekola ho sebetsa ha AgNP-MHCs bakeng sa inactivating bacteriophage ϕX174, murine norovirus (MNV), le adenovirus serotype 2 (AdV2).Likokoana-hloko tsena tse hlasetsoeng li ile tsa pepesetsoa AgNP-MHCs bakeng sa 1, 3, le 6 h ho 25 ° C 'me tsa hlahlojoa ka plaque assay le TaqMan PCR ea nako ea sebele.Li-AgNP-MHC li ile tsa pepesetsoa mefuta e mengata ea pH le ho pompong le holim'a metsi ho lekola litlamorao tsa tsona tsa antiviral tlasa maemo a fapaneng a tikoloho.Har'a mefuta e meraro ea li-AgNP-MHC tse lekiloeng, li-Ag30-MHC li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho thibela livaerase.The ϕX174 le MNV li fokotsehile ho feta 2 log10 ka mor'a ho pepesehela 4.6 × 109 Ag30-MHCs / ml bakeng sa 1 h.Liphetho tsena li bonts'itse hore li-AgNP-MHCs li ka sebelisoa ho etsa hore likokoana-hloko tsa kokoana-hloko li sebetse ka monyetla o fokolang oa ho lokolloa tikolohong.

Ka tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao ea nanotechnology, li-nanoparticles li ntse li fumana tlhokomelo e eketsehileng lefatšeng ka bophara litabeng tsa biotechnology, meriana le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.1,2).Ka lebaka la karo-karolelano e phahameng ea bokaholimo, lisebelisoa tsa boholo ba nano, hangata ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 500 nm, li na le thepa e ikhethang ea physicochemical ha e bapisoa le ea thepa e kholoanyane.1).Sebopeho le boholo ba li-nanomaterials li ka laoloa, 'me lihlopha tse itseng tse sebetsang li ka kopanngoa holim'a tsona ho thusa ho sebelisana le liprotheine tse itseng kapa ho kenngoa ha intracellular.3,-5).

Li-nanoparticles tsa silevera (AgNPs) li 'nile tsa ithutoa ka bophara e le moemeli oa antimicrobial (6).Silevera e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-cutlery tse ntle, bakeng sa mokhabiso, le lisebelisoa tsa phekolo.Metsoako ea silevera e kang silver sulfadiazine le matsoai a itseng a 'nile a sebelisoa e le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea maqeba le e le phekolo ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka lebaka la thepa ea bona ea likokoana-hloko.6,7).Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li senotse hore li-AgNP li sebetsa haholo ho thibela mefuta e fapaneng ea libaktheria le livaerase.8,-11).Li-AgNP le Ag+ ion tse lokollotsoeng ho AgNPs li sebelisana ka kotloloho le li-biomolecule tse nang le phosphorus kapa sebabole, ho kenyeletsoa DNA, RNA le liprotheine.12,-14).Li boetse li bonts'itsoe hore li hlahisa mefuta ea oksijene e sebetsang (ROS), e bakang tšenyo ea lera ho likokoana-hloko (15).Bongata, sebopeho le mahloriso a li-AgNP le tsona ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amang bokhoni ba tsona ba antimicrobial (8,10,13,16,17).

Lithuto tse fetileng li boetse li totobalitse mathata a 'maloa ha li-AgNP li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho laola likokoana-hloko tikolohong ea metsi.Taba ea pele, lithuto tse seng li ntse li le teng mabapi le katleho ea AgNPs bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tsa kokoana-hloko metsing li na le moeli.Ntle le moo, li-AgNP tse arohaneng hangata li tlas'a ho kopanngoa ha likaroloana ka lebaka la boholo ba tsona bo nyane le sebaka se seholo sa bokaholimo, 'me likarolo tsena li fokotsa katleho ea li-AgNP khahlano le likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko.7).Qetellong, li-AgNP li bontšitsoe li na le litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa cytotoxic (5,18,-20), le ho lokolloa ha li-AgNP sebakeng sa metsi ho ka baka mathata a bophelo bo botle ba batho le tikoloho.

Haufinyane tjena, re thehile "micrometer-size magnetic hybrid colloid" (MHC) e khabisitsoeng ka li-AgNP tsa boholo bo fapaneng.21,22).Moko oa MHC o ka sebelisoa ho khutlisa likarolo tsa AgNP tikolohong.Re ile ra lekola katleho ea antiviral ea li-nanoparticles tsena tsa silevera ho MHCs (AgNP-MHCs) re sebelisa bacteriophage ϕX174, murine norovirus (MNV), le adenovirus tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a tikoloho.

Liphello tse thibelang likokoana-hloko tsa AgNP-MHCs libakeng tse sa tšoaneng khahlanong le bacteriophage ϕX174 (a), MNV (b), le AdV2 (c).Likokoana-hloko tse reretsoeng li ne li phekoloa ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea AgNP-MHCs, le ka OH-MHCs (4.6 × 109 particles / ml) e le taolo, ka mochine o sisinyehang (150 rpm, 1 h, 25 ° C).Mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea plaque o ne o sebelisoa ho lekanya livaerase tse ntseng li phela.Maemo a bolela ± ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng (SD) ho tsoa litekong tse tharo tse ikemetseng.Linaleli li bontša boleng bo fapaneng haholo (P<0.05 ka ANOVA ea tsela e le 'ngoe ka tlhahlobo ea Dunnett).

Boithuto bona bo bonts'itse hore li-AgNP-MHCs li sebetsa hantle bakeng sa ho koala bacteriophages le MNV, e emelang norovirus ea motho, metsing.Ntle le moo, li-AgNP-MHC li ka khutlisoa habonolo ka makenete, tsa thibela ka nepo ho lokolloa ha li-AgNP tse ka bang chefo tikolohong.Liphuputso tse 'maloa tse fetileng li bontšitse hore mahloriso le boholo ba likaroloana tsa AgNP ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tse lebisitsoeng.8,16,17).Liphello tsa antimicrobial tsa AgNPs li boetse li itšetlehile ka mofuta oa likokoana-hloko.Ho sebetsa ha AgNP-MHCs bakeng sa ho koala ϕX174 ho latetse kamano ea karabelo ea lethal dose.Har'a li-AgNP-MHC tse lekiloeng, li-Ag30-MHC li ne li e-na le katleho e phahameng ea ho koala ϕX174 le MNV.Bakeng sa MNV, ke li-Ag30-MHC feela tse bonts'itseng ts'ebetso ea antiviral, ha li-AgNP-MHC tse ling li sa hlahise ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea MNV.Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea li-AgNP-MHC e bileng le ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea antiviral khahlano le AdV2.

Ntle le boholo ba likaroloana, bongata ba silevera ho AgNP-MHCs le bona bo ne bo le bohlokoa.Khatello ea silevera e ile ea bonahala e lekanya katleho ea litlamorao tsa antiviral tsa AgNP-MHCs.Likhakanyo tsa silevera ka tharollo ea Ag07-MHCs le Ag30-MHCs ho 4.6 × 109 particles/ml e ne e le 28.75 ppm le 200 ppm, ka ho latellana, 'me e amana le boemo ba ts'ebetso ea antiviral.Lethathamo la 2e akaretsa likhahla tsa silevera le libaka tse ka holimo tsa AgNP-MHC tse lekiloeng.Ag07-MHCs e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e tlase ea antiviral mme e na le khatello e tlase ea silevera le sebaka se kaholimo, e fana ka maikutlo a hore thepa ena e amana le ts'ebetso ea antiviral ea AgNP-MHCs.

Phuputso ea rona e fetileng e bontšitse hore mekhoa e meholo ea likokoana-hloko tsa AgNP-MHC ke ho tlosoa ha lik'hemik'hale tsa Mg2 + kapa Ca2 + ions ho tloha ho likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko, ho thehoa ha li-complexes tse nang le lihlopha tsa thiol tse ka har'a li-membrane, le moloko oa mefuta e sebetsang ea oksijene (ROS) (21).Hobane li-AgNP-MHC li na le boholo bo batlang bo le boholo ba likaroloana (~500 nm), ha ho na monyetla oa hore li ka kenella ka har'a capsid ea vaerase.Sebakeng seo, li-AgNP-MHC li bonahala li sebelisana le liprotheine tsa bokaholimo ba vaerase.Li-AgNP tse ka har'a metsoako li atisa ho tlama li-biomolecules tse nang le sehlopha sa thiol tse kentsoeng ka har'a liprotheine tsa livaerase.Ka hona, likarolo tsa biochemical tsa liprotheine tsa viral capsid li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tseba hore na li ka ba le monyetla oa ho AgNP-MHCs.Setšoantšo sa 1e bonts'a menyetla e fapaneng ea livaerase ho litlamorao tsa AgNP-MHCs.Li-bacteriophages ϕX174 le MNV li ne li hlaseloa habonolo ke AgNP-MHCs, empa AdV2 e ne e hanyetsa.Boemo bo phahameng ba AdV2 bo ka amahanngoa le boholo le sebopeho sa eona.Adenoviruses e fapana ka boholo ho tloha ho 70 ho isa ho 100 nm.30), ho etsa hore li be kholo ho feta ϕX174 (27 ho 33 nm) le MNV (28 ho 35 nm) (31,32).Ntle le boholo ba tsona bo boholo, li-adenoviruses li na le DNA e nang le mahlakore a mabeli, ho fapana le likokoana-hloko tse ling, 'me li hanyetsa likhatello tse fapaneng tsa tikoloho tse kang mocheso le mahlaseli a UV (33,34).Boithuto ba rona bo fetileng bo tlalehile hore hoo e ka bang phokotso ea 3-log10 ea MS2 e etsahetse ka Ag30-MHC nakong ea 6 h.21).MS2 le ϕX174 li na le boholo bo tšoanang le mefuta e fapaneng ea nucleic acid (RNA kapa DNA) empa li na le litekanyetso tse tšoanang tsa ho se sebetse ka Ag30-MHCs.Ka hona, tlhaho ea nucleic acid ha e bonahale e le eona ntho e ka sehloohong ea ho hanyetsa AgNP-MHCs.Ho e-na le hoo, boholo le sebōpeho sa kokoana-hloko ea kokoana-hloko e bonahala e le ea bohlokoa haholo, hobane adenovirus ke kokoana-hloko e kholoanyane.Li-Ag30-MHC li fihletse hoo e batlang e le phokotso ea 2-log10 ea M13 nakong ea lihora tse 6 (data ea rona e sa phatlalatsoang).M13 ke kokoana-hloko ea DNA e nang le mela e le 'ngoe (35) mme e bolelele ba ~880 nm le bophara ba 6.6 nm (36).Tekanyo ea ho se sebetse ha filamentous bacteriophage M13 e ne e le lipakeng pakeng tsa likokoana-hloko tse nyenyane, tse pota-potileng (MNV, ϕX174, le MS2) le kokoana-hloko e kholo (AdV2).

Thutong ea hona joale, kinetics ea inactivation ea MNV e ne e fapane haholo le plaque assay le RT-PCR assay (Setšoantšo sa 2blele c).c).Liteko tsa limolek'hule tse kang RT-PCR li tsejoa ka ho nyenyefatsa haholo litekanyetso tsa ho se sebetse ha livaerase (25,28), joalokaha ho fumanoe thutong ea rona.Hobane li-AgNP-MHC li sebelisana haholo-holo le bokaholimo ba kokoana-hloko, ho ka etsahala hore li senye liprotheine tsa kokoana-hloko ho e-na le li-nucleic acid.Ka hona, tlhahlobo ea RT-PCR ea ho lekanya kokoana-hloko ea nucleic acid e ka 'na ea nyenyefatsa haholo ho se sebetse ha likokoana-hloko.Phello ea li-ion tsa Ag + le ho hlahisa mefuta ea oksijene e sebetsang (ROS) e lokela ho ikarabella bakeng sa ho thibela likokoana-hloko tse lekiloeng.Leha ho le joalo, likarolo tse ngata tsa mekhoa ea antiviral ea AgNP-MHCs li ntse li sa hlaka, 'me lipatlisiso tse ling tse sebelisang mekhoa ea biotechnological lia hlokahala ho hlakisa mokhoa oa khanyetso e phahameng ea AdV2.

Qetellong, re ile ra lekola matla a ts'ebetso ea antiviral ea Ag30-MHCs ka ho li pepesetsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea litekanyetso tsa pH le ho theipi le lisampole tsa metsi a ka holim'a metsi pele li lekanya ts'ebetso ea tsona ea antiviral.Setšoantšo sa 3lele4).4).Ho pepesetsoa maemo a pH a tlase haholo ho bakile tahlehelo ea 'mele le/kapa ea ts'ebetso ea AgNP ho tsoa ho MHC (data e sa phatlalatsoang).Boteng ba likaroloana tse sa tobang, Ag30-MHCs e ne e lula e bonts'a ts'ebetso ea antiviral, leha ts'ebetso ea antiviral e fokotsehile khahlano le MS2.Ts'ebetso ea antiviral e ne e le tlase ka ho fetisisa metsing a sa sefshoang, kaha tšebelisano lipakeng tsa Ag30-MHCs le likaroloana tse sa tobang metsing a ka holim'a metsi a lerurubele haholo mohlomong e bakile phokotso ea ts'ebetso ea antiviral.Lethathamo la 3).Ka hona, litlhahlobo tsa masimo a AgNP-MHCs mefuteng e fapaneng ea metsi (mohlala, ka likhahla tse fapaneng tsa letsoai kapa humic acid) li lokela ho etsoa nakong e tlang.

Qetellong, li-composites tse ncha tsa Ag, AgNP-MHCs, li na le bokhoni bo botle ba ho thibela likokoana-hloko khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse 'maloa, ho akarelletsa le ϕX174 le MNV.Li-AgNP-MHC li boloka ts'ebetso e matla tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a tikoloho, 'me likaroloana tsena li ka fumanoa habonolo ho sebelisoa makenete, kahoo li fokotsa liphello tsa tsona tse kotsi bophelong ba batho le tikolohong.Phuputso ena e bonts'itse hore motsoako oa AgNP e ka ba sethibela-mafu se sebetsang maemong a fapaneng a tikoloho, ntle le likotsi tse kholo tsa tikoloho.