Intshayelelo: Ukususela ekusungulweni kweYunithi ye-Insulating Glass (IGU), amacandelo efestile aye aphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-thermal yendlu.Umhleli okhethekileyo uScott Gibson (uScott Gibson) uye wazisa inkqubela phambili yoyilo lwe-IGU, ukusuka ekuyilweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kweengubo eziphantsi-emissivity ukuya ekuphuhliseni iifestile zeglasi ngaphandle kweglasi ephindwe kabini, iifilimu zokunqunyanyiswa kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeegesi ezikhuselayo, kunye nekamva elizayo iteknoloji.
I-Andersen Windows yazisa iiphaneli zeglasi ezidityanisiweyo kwi-1952, ebaluleke kakhulu.Abathengi banokuthenga amacandelo adibanisa amaqhekeza amabini eglasi kunye nomaleko wokugquma kwimveliso enye.Kubanini bezindlu abangenakubalwa, ukukhululwa kuka-Andersen kwezorhwebo kuthetha ukuphela komsebenzi odinayo weefestile zodushe.Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kwiminyaka eyi-70 edlulileyo, ukuqala koshishino kuye kwaphucula ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukusebenza kwe-thermal yeefestile.
I-Multi-pane Insulating Glass Window (IGU) idibanisa i-metal coating kunye ne-inert gas filling components ukwenza indlu ikhululeke ngakumbi kwaye inciphise iindleko zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa.Ngokulungelelanisa iimpawu ze-low-emissivity (low-e) zokugquma kunye nokuzisebenzisa ngokukhethiweyo, abavelisi beglasi banokwenza ngokwezifiso ii-IGU kwiimfuno ezithile kunye nemozulu.Kodwa nangona ipeyinti egqwesileyo kunye negesi, abavelisi beglasi basazabalaza nzima.
Xa kuthelekiswa neendonga zangaphandle zezindlu eziphezulu zokusebenza, iglasi engcono kakhulu iya kwenza i-insulators ibe ngaphantsi.Ngokomzekelo, udonga lwendlu esebenza ngamandla lulinganiswe kwi-R-40, ngelixa i-U-factor ye-high-quality yefestile yefestile emithathu ingaba ngu-0.15, elingana ne-R-6.6 kuphela.Umthetho we-International Energy Conservation Law we-2018 ufuna ukuba nakwiindawo ezibandayo zelizwe, ubuncinci be-U coefficient yeefestile kuphela 0.32, malunga ne-R-3.
Kwangaxeshanye, umsebenzi wobugcisa obutsha uyaqhubeka, kwaye obu bugcisa butsha bunokwenza ukuba iifestile ezingcono zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngakumbi.Ubuchwephesha obutsha bubandakanya uyilo lweepaneli ezintathu ezinepheyini esembindini ebhityileyo kakhulu, iyunithi yefilimu exhonyiweyo enamaleko angaphakathi asibhozo, iyunithi yokugquma ivacuum enesixhobo sokugquma seglasi esingaphaya kwe-R-19, kunye nesigqubuthelo sevacuum esiphantse sibe njenge. obhityileyo njenge pane enye Iyunithi ikomityi.
Kuzo zonke iingenelo ze-Andersen welding insulating glass, inemida ethile.Ukungeniswa kweengubo zokwaleka ezisezantsi ngo-1982 yaba lelinye inyathelo elikhulu eliya phambili.USteve Urich, umlawuli wenkqubo yeBhodi yokuHlola yeWindow yeSizwe, uthe olona qulunqo lwezi bhatyi ziyahluka ukusuka kumenzi ukuya kumenzi, kodwa zonke zizimaleko ezicekethekileyo zentsimbi ezibonisa amandla akhazimlayo abuyela kumthombo wawo.-Ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwefestile.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokugquma, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-hard coating kunye ne-soft coating.Ukufakwa kwe-hard coatings (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-pyrolytic coatings) ibuyele emva koo-1990 kwaye isasebenza.Ekwenziweni kweglasi, i-coating isetyenziswe kwi-surface yeglasi-esiyiyo ebhaka ebusweni.Ayinakususwa.Ingubo ethambileyo (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-sputter coating) isetyenziswa kwigumbi lokubeka ivacuum.Abanamandla njengeengubo eziqinileyo kwaye azikwazi ukubonakaliswa emoyeni, ngoko ke abavelisi basebenzise kuphela phezulu ukuze batywinwe.Xa i-coat-emissivity ephantsi isetyenziswe kwindawo ejongene negumbi, iya kuba yinto enzima.Idyasi ethambileyo isebenza ngakumbi ekulawuleni ubushushu belanga.ICardinal Glass UMlawuli weNtengiso yobuGcisa uJim Larsen (uJim Larsen) uthe i-coefficient ye-missivity inokwehla ukuya kwi-0.015, oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphezu kwe-98% yamandla akhanyayo abonakaliswe.
Ngaphandle kobunzima obukhoyo bokusebenzisa umaleko wesinyithi ofanayo onobunzima obuzii-nanometers ezingama-2500 kuphela, abavelisi baye baba nobuchule obungakumbi bokulawula ubushushu kunye nokukhanya okudlula kwiglasi.U-Larson uthe kwi-multilayer low-emissivity coating, i-anti-reflection kunye nesilivere iyanciphisa ukunyuswa kobushushu belanga (ukukhanya kwe-infrared) ngelixa ugcina ukukhanya okubonakalayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
“Sifunda ngefiziksi yokukhanya,” utshilo uLarson."Ezi zizihluzi zamehlo ezichanekileyo, kwaye ubukhulu bomaleko ngamnye bubalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yombala wengubo."
Amacandelo e-low-e coating yinto enye kuphela.Enye kulapho zifakwa khona.I-Low-e yokwambathisa ibonisa amandla akhazimlayo abuyele kumthombo wawo.Ngale ndlela, ukuba indawo yangaphandle yeglasi igqunywe, amandla akhazimlayo avela elangeni aya kubonakaliswa abuyele ngaphandle, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukufunxwa kobushushu ngaphakathi kweefestile nangaphakathi endlwini.Ngokufanayo, i-low-radiation coating esetyenziswe kwicala leyunithi yeepaneli ezininzi ezijongene negumbi iya kubonisa amandla akhanyayo avela ngaphakathi kwindlu abuyele kwigumbi.Ebusika, olu phawu luya kunceda indlu igcine ukushisa.
Iingubo ezisezantsi ezisezantsi ezisezantsi ziye zanciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe i-U-factor kwi-IGU, ukusuka kwi-0.6 okanye i-0.65 yephaneli ye-Andersen yasekuqaleni ukuya kwi-0.35 ekuqaleni kwe-1980.Kwakungekho kude kube sekupheleni kwe-1980 ukuba i-argon ye-inert yegesi yongezwa, eyabonelela ngesinye isixhobo abavelisi beglasi abanokusebenzisa kwaye banciphise i-U factor malunga ne-0.3.IArgon inzima kunomoya kwaye ingamelana ngcono neconvection embindini wetywina lefestile.U-Larson uthe i-conductivity ye-argon nayo iphantsi kuneyomoya, enokunciphisa ukuqhuba kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kwe-thermal yeziko leglasi malunga ne-20%.
Ngayo, umenzi utyhala ifestile yeefestile ezimbini ukuya kumandla ayo aphezulu.Iqulathe iipaneli ezimbini ze-1⁄8 intshi.Iglasi, indawo ye-intshi eyi-1⁄2 egcwele i-argon gas, kunye ne-low-emissivity coating yongezwe kwicala legumbi leglasi.I-factor ye-U yehla ukuya malunga ne-0.25 okanye ngaphantsi.
Ifestile ekhazimliswe kathathu yindawo yokutsiba elandelayo.Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziziqwenga ezintathu ze-1⁄8 intshi.Iglasi kunye nezithuba ezimbini ze-intshi ezi-1⁄2, umngxuma ngamnye unomthamo ophantsi wokukhupha amanzi.Irhasi eyongezelelweyo kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa iingubo eziphantsi-emssivity kwiindawo ezininzi kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza.Icala elisezantsi kukuba iifestile zihlala zinzima kakhulu kwimibhinqo exhonywe kabini edla ngokutyibilika phezulu nasezantsi.Iglasi inzima ngama-50% kunobuhle obuphindwe kabini kunye ne-intshi ezi-1-3⁄8.Zingqindilili.Ezi IGUs azinakungena ngaphakathi kwe-3⁄4 intshizi.Iingxowa zeglasi ezinezakhelo zefestile eziqhelekileyo.
Le nyaniso ilishwa ityhala abavelisi kwiifestile ezithatha indawo yomaleko weglasi yangaphakathi (iifestile zefilimu ezixhonyiweyo) ezinamashiti abhityileyo epholima.I-Southwall Technologies iye yaba ngummeli weshishini kunye nefilimu yayo yesibuko eshushu, okwenza kube lula ukuvelisa i-layer ezintathu okanye ezine-glazing ezine kunye nobunzima obufanayo njengeyunithi ephindwe kabini.Nangona kunjalo, kulula kwiyunithi yefestile ukutywina ukuvuza malunga nefestile yeglasi, ngaloo ndlela ivumela i-gas insulating ukuba ibaleke kwaye ivumele ukufuma ukungena ngaphakathi.Ukungaphumeleli kwetywina lefestile eyenziwe ngu-Hurd kuye kwaba yinto ebhengezwe ngokubanzi kwishishini.Nangona kunjalo, ifilimu yesibuko eshushu ngoku ephethwe yi-Eastman Chemical Company iseyindlela esebenzayo kwiifestile ezininzi kwaye isasetyenziswa ngabavelisi abafana neeMveliso eziPhezulu zeAlpen.
I-CEO yakwa-Alpen uBrad Begin uthe ngentlekele yase-Hurd: "Ishishini lonke ngokwenene liphantsi kwezangqa ezimnyama, ezibangela ukuba abanye abavelisi bahlukane nefilimu enqunyanyisiweyo.""Le nkqubo ayinzima kangako, kodwa ukuba awenzi umsebenzi olungileyo okanye awuhoywa kumgangatho, njengayo nayiphi na ifestile, naluphi na uhlobo lwe-IG, ke umiselwe ukusilela kakhulu kwangaphambi kwexesha kwindawo. .
Namhlanje, ifilimu yesibuko esitshisayo iveliswa yintsebenziswano phakathi kweDuPont kunye neTeijin, kwaye emva koko ithunyelwe e-Eastman, apho i-coat emissivity ephantsi ifunyenwe kwigumbi lokubeka umphunga, kwaye emva koko ithunyelwe kumenzi ukuba aguqulelwe kwi-IGU.Ukuqala uthi emva kokuba ifilimu kunye neeglasi zihlanganiswe, zifakwe kwi-oven kwaye zibhakwe kwi-205 ° F imizuzu engama-45.Ifilimu iyancipha kwaye iyancipha ngokwayo malunga ne-gasket ekupheleni kweyunithi, okwenza ukuba ingabonakali kakhulu.
Ngethuba nje igcinwe ivaliwe, iyunithi yefestile akufanele ibe yingxaki.Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo malunga nefilimu emisiweyo ye-IGU, u-Qalisa wathi u-Alpen wanikezela ngeeyunithi ze-13,000 kwiprojekthi ye-New York City Empire State Building kwiminyaka elithoba edlulileyo, kodwa akafumananga naziphi na iingxelo zokungaphumeleli.
Uyilo lwamva nje lweglasi luvumela abavelisi ukuba baqale ukusebenzisa i-k, eyigesi engasebenziyo eneempawu ezingcono zokugquma kune-argon.Ngokutsho kukaGqr. Charlie Curcija, umphandi kwi-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, i-gap efanelekileyo yi-7 mm (malunga ne-1⁄4 intshi), esisiqingatha se-argon.I-rypto ayifanelekanga kakhulu kwi-1⁄2 intshi ye-IGU.Umsantsa phakathi kwamacwecwe eglasi, kodwa kuvela ukuba le ndlela iluncedo kakhulu kwiifestile zeglasi apho umgama wangaphakathi phakathi kwamacwecwe eglasi okanye ifilimu emisiweyo incinci kunolo mgama.
I-Kensington (Kensington) yenye yeenkampani ezithengisa iifestile zefilimu ezinqunyanyisiweyo.Inkampani ibonelela ngeeyunithi zesipili ezishushu ezizaliswe yi-k ezinexabiso le-R ukuya kuthi ga kwi-R-10 embindini weglasi.Nangona kunjalo, akukho nkampani eyamkela ngokupheleleyo itekhnoloji yembrane emisiwe njengeLiteZone Glass Inc. yaseCanada.I-LiteZoneGlass Inc. yinkampani ethengisa i-IGU eneziko leglasi le-R ixabiso le-19.6.injani?Ngokwenza ubukhulu beyunithi 7.6 intshi.
Umphathi oyintloko wenkampani uGreg Clarahan uthe iminyaka emihlanu idlulile ukususela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-IGU, kwaye yafakwa kwimveliso ngoNovemba 2019. Wathi iinjongo zenkampani zimbini: ukwenza ii-IGUs "eziphezulu kakhulu" zexabiso lokufakelwa, kwaye ubomeleze ngokwaneleyo ukuba bugcine ubomi besakhiwo.Umyili wamkele imfuno yeeyunithi zeglasi ezityebileyo zokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-thermal kwimida esengozini ye-IGU.
"Ubukhulu beyunithi yeglasi bubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-thermal yefestile yonke, ukwenza iqondo lokushisa ngaphakathi kweglasi lifane ngakumbi kunye nokutshintshwa kobushushu kwindibano yonke (kubandakanywa imiphetho kunye nesakhelo) ngokufanayo."watsho.
Nangona kunjalo, i-IGU etyebileyo ibonisa iingxaki.Eyona yunithi ijiyileyo eveliswe yiLiteZone ineefilimu ezisibhozo ezinqunyanyisiweyo phakathi kwamaqhekeza amabini eglasi.Ukuba zonke ezi zithuba zivaliwe, kuya kubakho ingxaki yokwahlukana koxinzelelo, ngoko i-LiteZone iyilwe iyunithi isebenzisa oko uClarahan akubiza ngokuba "yi-pressure balance duct".Yityhubhu encinci ye-vent enokulinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya kuwo onke amagumbi kunye nomoya ongaphandle kwesixhobo.UClarahan uthe igumbi lokomisa elakhiwe kwityhubhu lithintela umphunga wamanzi ukuba uqokelele ngaphakathi kwesixhobo kwaye unokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ubuncinci iminyaka engama-60.
Inkampani yongeza enye into.Kunokuba basebenzise ubushushu ukuze bacuthe ifilimu ngaphakathi kweso sixhobo, baye benza igasket emphethweni wesixhobo esigcina ifilimu ixhonywe phantsi kwemithombo emincinane.UClarahan uthe ngenxa yokuba ifilimu ayishushu, uxinzelelo luncinci.Iifestile nazo zibonise ukuthotywa kwesandi okubalaseleyo.
Ifilimu emisiweyo yindlela yokunciphisa ubunzima beepaneli ezininzi ze-IGUs.UCurcija uchaze enye imveliso ebizwa ngokuba yi "Thin Triple," ethe yatsala ingqalelo ebanzi kwishishini.Iquka umaleko weglasi ocwecwe kakhulu we-0.7 mm ukuya kwi-1.1 mm (0.027 intshi kunye ne-0.04 intshi) phakathi kwamaleko amabini angaphandle eglasi eyi-3 mm (0.118 intshi).Ukusebenzisa i-k-filling, isixhobo sinokupakishwa kwi-3⁄4-intshi ye-glass bag ebanzi, efana nesixhobo sesiqhelo se-double-pane.
UCurcija uthe i-triplet encinci iqalile ukuthatha indawo e-United States, kwaye isabelo sayo semarike ngoku singaphantsi kwe-1%.Xa zaziqala ukuthengiswa kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, ezi zixhobo zajongana nedabi elinzima lokwamkelwa kweemarike ngenxa yamaxabiso azo aphezulu emveliso.Kuphela iCorning ivelisa iglasi ecwecwe kakhulu exhomekeke kuyo uyilo, ngexabiso le-8 ukuya kwi-10 yeedola ngonyawo lwesikwere.Ukongezelela, ixabiso le-k liyabiza, malunga namaxesha angama-100 ixabiso le-argon.
Ngokutsho kukaKursia, kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, zimbini izinto ezenzekileyo.Okokuqala, ezinye iinkampani zeglasi zaqala ukudada iglasi ebhityileyo zisebenzisa inkqubo eqhelekileyo, eyayikukwenza iglasi yefestile eqhelekileyo kumandlalo wetoti etyhidiweyo.Oku kunokunciphisa iindleko ukuya kutsho malunga neesenti ezingama-50 kwisikwere sonyawo, nto leyo elingana neglasi eqhelekileyo.Ukunyuka komdla ekukhanyeni kwe-LED kuye kwabangela ukwanda kwemveliso ye-xenon, kwaye kuvela ukuba i-k yimveliso yale nkqubo.Ixabiso langoku limalunga nekota yento ebikade iyiyo, kwaye iprimiyamu iyonke ye-triple-layer encinci ye-triple imalunga ne-2 ye-square foot ye-IGU yesiqhelo ephindwe kabini.
UCurcija uthe: “Ngerekhi ecekethekileyo enemigangatho emithathu, unokunyuka uye kutsho kwi-R-10, ngoko ukuba uqwalasela intlawulo ye-premium ye-$2 ngesikwemitha ngasinye, lixabiso elihle kakhulu xa lithelekiswa ne-R-4 ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.Umtsi omkhulu. ”Ngoko ke, uCurcija ulindele ukuba umdla wezorhwebo we-Mie IGU unyuke.UAndersen uye wayisebenzisa kumgca wayo wokuhlaziya urhwebo lweWindows.I-Ply Gem, umvelisi omkhulu wefestile e-United States, nayo ibonakala inomdla.Nditsho no-Alpen uyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza iingenelo zeefestile zefilimu ezinqunyanyisiweyo kwaye ufumanise iingenelo ezinokubakho zezixhobo zefilimu ezintathu.
UMark Montgomery, usekela mongameli omkhulu wentengiso yefestile yase-US ePly Gem, uthe inkampani ngoku ivelisa iimveliso ezi-1 kwi-1.Kwaye 7⁄8 intshi ezintathu ezintathu.“Sizama i-3⁄4-in.Wabhala nge-imeyile.“Kodwa (thina) okwangoku singakwazi ukufikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu okusebenza.”
Sukufuna uguqulo lwebhetshi ibe ngamathathu abhityileyo ngoko nangoko.Kodwa uQalisa wathi umbindi weglasi obhityileyo kulula ukusetyenzwa kunefilimu enqunyanyisiweyo, inamandla okukhawulezisa imveliso, kwaye ivumela ukusetyenziswa kweegaskets ezifudumeleyo ukuba zithathe indawo yeegasket zentsimbi ezomeleleyo ezifunwa zii-IGU zefilimu ezinqunyanyisiweyo.
Inqaku lokugqibela libalulekile.Ifilimu enqunyanyisiweyo eyancipha kwi-oven iya kwenza uxinzelelo olukhulu kwi-peripheral gasket, eya kuphula itywina, kodwa iglasi encinci ayifanele yolulwe, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ingxaki.
UCurcija uthe: “Ekugqibeleni, zombini ezi teknoloji zibonelela ngezinto ezifanayo, kodwa ngokokuqina nomgangatho, iglasi ibhetele kunefilimu.”
Nangona kunjalo, iphepha elinemigangatho emithathu elizotywe nguLarsen alinalo ithemba kangako.IiKhadinali zenza ezinye zezi IGU, kodwa iindleko zabo ziphindwe kabini kwiglasi yendabuko emithathu-kwiglasi enye, kwaye iglasi e-ultra-thin embindini wemodyuli inezinga eliphezulu lokuphuka.Oku kunyanzelise ikhadinali ukuba isebenzise umaleko oseziko oyi-1.6mm endaweni yoko.
“Ingcinga yale glasi ibhityileyo sisiqingatha samandla,” utshilo uLarsen.Ngaba uya kuthenga iglasi enesiqingatha samandla kwaye ulindele ukuyisebenzisa kubungakanani obufana neglasi yamandla amabini?Hayi. Kungenxa yokuba izinga lethu lokuphatha liphezulu kakhulu. "
Wongeze ukuba ii-triplets zokunciphisa umzimba zikwajongana neminye imiqobo.Isizathu esikhulu kukuba iglasi ebhityileyo ibhityile kakhulu ukuba ingaqunjelwa, olu lunyango lobushushu lokunyusa amandla.Iglasi epholileyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemarike, ibalwa kwi-40% yeentengiso ze-IGU zeCardinal.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho ingxaki yokuzaliswa kwegesi ye-rypto.U-Larson uthe u-Lawrence Berkeley Labs uqikelelo lweendleko luphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ishishini lenze umsebenzi ombi wokubonelela ngegesi yendalo eyaneleyo ye-IGU.Ukuze isebenze, i-90% yendawo yangaphakathi evaliweyo kufuneka izaliswe ngegesi, kodwa umgangatho woshishino ugxile kwisantya sokuvelisa kuneziphumo ezichanekileyo, kwaye izinga lokuzaliswa kwegesi kwiimveliso ezithengiswayo linokuba ngaphantsi kwe-20%.
"Kukho umdla omkhulu kule nto," utshilo uLarson malunga ne-trio yokunciphisa umzimba.“Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana kuphela i-20% yenqanaba lokuzalisa kwezi festile?Ayisiyoglasi ye-R-8, kodwa i-R-4 yeglasi.Oku kuyafana naxa usebenzisa i-double-pane low-e.Unayo yonke into endingazange ndiyifumane.”
Zombini i-argon kunye ne-k igesi zi-insulators ezingcono kunomoya, kodwa akukho gesi yokuzalisa (i-vacuum) iya kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal, kwaye ixabiso lexabiso le-R liphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-14 (i-U coefficient ukusuka kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-0.07).U-Curcija uthe ubukhulu beyunithi buncinci njengeglasi yeglasi enye.
Umvelisi waseJapan obizwa ngokuba yiNippon Sheet Glass (NSG) sele evelisa izixhobo zokuvalela insulating glass (VIG).NgokukaCurcija, abavelisi baseTshayina kunye neGlasi yeGlasi yaseUnited States nabo baqalisile ukwenza izixhobo ze-R-10 VIG.(Sizamile ukuqhagamshelana noMgcini kodwa khange sifumane mpendulo.)
Kukho imingeni yobugcisa.Okokuqala, undoqo okhutshiweyo ngokupheleleyo utsala iileya ezimbini zangaphandle zeglasi kunye.Ukuthintela oku, umenzi ufake izikhewu ezincinci phakathi kweglasi ukuthintela ukudilika kwamaleko.Ezi ntsika zincinci zahlulwe enye kwenye ngomgama we-intshi ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-2, zenza isithuba esimalunga nama-microns angama-50.Ukuba ujongisisa, unokubona ukuba bayimatrix ebuthathaka.
Abavelisi bakwasokola ngendlela yokwenza isitywina somphetho esithembekileyo ngokupheleleyo.Ukuba ayiphumelelanga, ukutshayela akuphumeleli, kwaye ifestile iyinto eyinkunkuma.U-Curcija uthi ezi zixhobo zinokutywinwa ngeenxa zonke kwimiphetho ngeglasi etyhidiweyo endaweni yeteyiphu okanye i-adhesive kwi-IGUs ene-inflatable.Iqhinga kukuphuhlisa ikhompawundi ethambileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba anyibilike kwiqondo lobushushu ukuba akayi konakalisa low-E ukutyabeka phezu kweglasi.Ekubeni ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwesixhobo sonke kunqunyelwe kwintsika eyahlula iiplate zeglasi ezimbini, ixabiso eliphezulu le-R kufuneka libe ngama-20.
UCurcija uthe izixhobo zokuvelisa isixhobo seVIG zibiza kwaye inkqubo ayikhawulezi njengokuveliswa kweglasi eqhelekileyo.Ngaphandle koncedo olunokubakho kwezo teknoloji zintsha, ukuxhathisa okusisiseko koshishino lokwakha kumandla angqongqo kunye neekhowudi zokwakha kuya kucotha inkqubela.
U-Larson uthe ngokwe-U-factor, izixhobo ze-VIG zingatshintsha umdlalo, kodwa enye ingxaki abavelisi beefestile kufuneka banqobe ukulahlekelwa kobushushu ekupheleni kwefestile.Kuya kuba luphuculo ukuba i-VIG inokufakwa kwisakhelo esomeleleyo kunye nokusebenza okungcono kwe-thermal, kodwa abanakuze bathathe indawo yomgangatho woshishino we-double-pane, i-inflatable Low-e device.
U-Kyle Sword, umphathi wophuhliso lweshishini laseMntla Melika wasePilkington, wathi njenge-subsidiary ye-NSG, i-Pilkington ivelise uluhlu lweeyunithi ze-VIG ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Spacia, eziye zasetyenziswa kwizicelo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo e-United States.Isixhobo siza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokucwangciswa, kubandakanywa nezixhobo ezinobunzima be-intshi ye-1⁄4 kuphela.Ziquka umaleko wangaphandle weglasi ephantsi, isithuba sevacuum eyi-0.2mm kunye nomaleko wangaphakathi weglasi edadayo ekhanyayo.I-spacer enobubanzi obuyi-0.5 mm yahlula iziqwenga ezimbini zeglasi.Ubukhulu benguqu ye-Super Spacia yi-10.2 mm (malunga ne-0.40 intshi), kunye nomlinganiso we-U weziko leglasi ngu-0.11 (R-9).
USword ubhale nge-imeyile: "Uninzi lweentengiso zesebe lethu leVIG ziye kwizakhiwo ezikhoyo."“Uninzi lwazo zezentengiso, kodwa sigqibe neentlobo ngeentlobo zezakhiwo zokuhlala.Le mveliso inokuthengwa kwimarike kwaye iodolwe ngokobukhulu besiko.USword uthe inkampani ebizwa ngokuba yi-Heirloom Windows isebenzisa iiyunithi zokucoca kwiifestile zayo, eziyilelwe ukuba zibukeke njengeefestile zentsusa kwizakhiwo zembali.“Ndithethe neenkampani ezininzi zeefestile zokuhlala ezinokusebenzisa iimveliso zethu,” ubhale watsho uSword."Nangona kunjalo, i-IGU okwangoku esetyenziswa ziinkampani ezininzi zeefestile zokuhlala namhlanje imalunga ne-intshi eyi-1 ubukhulu, ngoko uyilo lwefestile kunye nokubunjwa kwe-extrusion kunokwamkela iifestile ezinkulu."
I-Sword yathi ixabiso le-VIG li malunga ne-$ 14 ukuya kwi-15 ye-square ye-square, xa kuthelekiswa ne-$ 8 ukuya kwi-10 ye-square foot ye-square ye-IGU eqhelekileyo.
Enye into enokwenzeka kukusebenzisa i-airgel ukwenza iifestile.I-Airgel yinto eyenziwe ngo-1931. Yenziwa ngokukhupha ulwelo kwijeli kwaye ithathelwe indawo ngegesi.Isiphumo sisiqina esiphantse singabi nabunzima kunye nexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu le-R.ULarsen uthe amathemba okusebenza kwayo kwiglasi abanzi, anamandla okusebenza ngcono kwe-thermal kunomaleko amathathu okanye i-vacuum IGU.Ingxaki ngumgangatho wayo we-optical-ayibonakali ngokupheleleyo.
Ubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo sele buza kuvela, kodwa bonke banesikhubekiso: iindleko eziphezulu.Ngaphandle kwemithetho engqongqo yamandla efuna ukusebenza ngcono, ubugcisa obuthile abuyi kufumaneka okwethutyana.UMontgomery uthe: "Sisebenze ngokusondeleyo neenkampani ezininzi ezamkela itekhnoloji entsha yeglasi,"-"ipeyinti, i-thermal/optical/electric dense coatings kunye [neglasi yokuvalela ivacuum].Nangona zonke ezi ziphucula ukusebenza kwefestile, kodwa imeko yangoku Ulwakhiwo lweendleko luya kunciphisa ukwamkelwa kwemarike yendawo yokuhlala. "
Ukusebenza kwe-thermal ye-IGU kuyahluke kwintsebenzo ye-thermal yefestile yonke.Eli nqaku ligxininise kwi-IGU, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo xa uthelekisa amanqanaba okusebenza kweefestile, ngokukodwa kwii-stickers zeBhodi yeSizwe yokuHlola i-Window Frame kunye newebhusayithi yomenzi, uya kufumana ukulinganisa "ifestile yonke", eqwalasela i-IGU kunye nefestile. ukusebenza kwesakhelo.Njengeyunithi.Ukusebenza kwefestile yonke ihlala iphantsi kunenqanaba leglasi le-IGU.Ukuqonda ukusebenza kunye nefestile epheleleyo ye-IGU, kufuneka uqonde la magama mathathu alandelayo:
Umlinganiselo we-U ulinganisa umlinganiselo wokutshintshwa kobushushu ngezinto eziphathekayo.Umba we-U yireciprocal yexabiso le-R.Ukufumana ixabiso elilinganayo le-R, yahlula i-U factor nge-1. I-U factor ephantsi ithetha ukuchasana kokuhamba kobushushu kunye nokusebenza okungcono kwe-thermal.Kuhlala kunqweneleka ukuba ne-coefficient ephantsi ye-U.
Umlinganiselo wokufumana ubushushu belanga (SHGC) udlula kwinxalenye yeglasi yemitha yelanga.I-SHGC linani eliphakathi kwe-0 (akukho kudluliselwa) kunye ne-1 (ugqithiso olungenamkhawulo).Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iifestile zeSHGC eziphantsi kwiindawo ezishushu, ezinelanga zelizwe ukukhupha ubushushu ngaphandle kwendlu kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokupholisa.
Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo (VT) Ubungakanani bokukhanya okubonakalayo okudlula kwiglasi ikwalinani eliphakathi ko-0 no-1. Okukhona lilikhulu inani, kokukhona liphezulu ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya.Eli nqanaba lihlala liphantsi ngokumangalisayo, kodwa oku kungenxa yokuba inqanaba lonke lefestile libandakanya isakhelo.
Xa ilanga likhanya ngefestile, ukukhanya kuya kufudumala ubuso ngaphakathi kwindlu, kwaye ukushisa kwangaphakathi kuya kunyuka.Yayiyinto entle kubusika obubandayo eMaine.Ngemini eshushu yasehlotyeni eTexas, azikho zininzi kangako.Iifestile ezisezantsi zokufumana ubushushu belanga (SHGC) zinceda ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu nge-IGU.Enye indlela yokuba abavelisi benze i-SHGC ephantsi kukusebenzisa iingubo zokwaleka ezisezantsi.Ezi zigqubuthelo zentsimbi ezicacileyo zenzelwe ukuvala imitha ye-ultraviolet, ukuvumela ukukhanya okubonakalayo kudlule kwaye kulawule imitha ye-infrared ukuze ihambelane nendlu kunye nemozulu yayo.Lo akuwona nje umbuzo wokusebenzisa uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwengubo ephantsi, kodwa kunye nendawo yesicelo sayo.Nangona akukho lwazi malunga nemigangatho yesicelo sezinto ezisezantsi zokukhupha, kwaye imigangatho iyahluka phakathi kwabavelisi kunye neentlobo zokugqoka, ezi zilandelayo ziyimizekelo eqhelekileyo.
Eyona ndlela yokunciphisa ubushushu belanga obufunyenwe ngeefestile kukugubungela ngee-overhangs kunye nezinye izixhobo zomthunzi.Kwiimozulu ezishushu, ikwangumbono olungileyo ukukhetha iifestile ze-SHGC ezisezantsi ezineentsimbi ezikhupha umsi ophantsi.Iifestile zemozulu epholileyo zidla ngokuba ne-low-emissivity coating kwi-inner surface yeglasi yangaphandle-imigangatho emibini kwifestile ye-double-pane, i-square kunye ne-4 kwi-window yefestile emithathu.
Ukuba indlu yakho ikwindawo ebandayo yelizwe kwaye ufuna ukubonelela ngokufudumeza ubusika ngokuvunwa kobushushu belanga, uya kufuna ukusebenzisa isaleko esinomsi ophantsi kumphezulu ongaphandle weglasi engaphakathi (uLuhlu lwesithathu lomphezulu) ifestile. , kwaye ubonise imiphezulu emithathu nemihlanu kwifestile enezintlu ezintathu).Ukukhetha ifestile egqunyiweyo kule ndawo akuyi kufumana ubushushu belanga kuphela, kodwa ifestile iya kunceda ukuthintela ubushushu obukhanyayo ngaphakathi kwindlu.
Irhasi yokugquma iphinde iphindwe kabini.Ipayini ekumgangatho ophindwe kabini IGU ineefestile ezimbini ze-1⁄8 intshi.Iglasi, iargon igcwalise i-intshi eyi-1⁄2.Indawo yomoya kunye ne-low-emissivity coating kwindawo enye ubuncinane.Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kweglasi yeglasi ephindwe kabini, umenzi wongeza esinye isiqwenga seglasi, esenza i-cavity eyongezelelweyo yegesi yokukhusela.Iifestile ezisemgangathweni ezineziphene ezintathu zineefestile ezintathu eziyi-1⁄8-intshi.Iglasi, izithuba ezi-2 1⁄2 ze-intshi ezizaliswe yirhasi, kunye nokwaleka kwe-E ephantsi kumngxuma ngamnye.Le yimizekelo emithathu yeefestile ezintathu ezivela kubavelisi basekhaya.U factor kunye ne SHGC ngamanqanaba efestile yonke.
Ifestile ye-ecoSmart ye-Great Lakes Window (iNkampani yePly Gem) iqulethe i-polyurethane foam insulation kwisakhelo sePVC.Uyakwazi uku-odola iifestile ngeepaneli eziphindwe kabini okanye zeglasi ezintathu kunye ne-argon okanye i-K gas.Olunye ukhetho lubandakanya iingubo ezisezantsi zokukhupha kunye neengubo ezincinci zefilimu ebizwa ngokuba yi-Easy-Clean.I-factor ye-U isuka kwi-0.14 ukuya kwi-0.20, kwaye i-SHGC isuka kwi-0.14 ukuya kwi-0.25.
I-Sierra Pacific Windows yinkampani edityanisiweyo ngokuthe nkqo.Ngokutsho kwenkampani, umphandle we-aluminium okhutshiweyo ugqunywe ngesakhiwo somthi we-Ponderosa pine okanye i-Douglas pine, evela kwinyathelo layo elizinzileyo lamahlathi.Iyunithi ye-Aspen eboniswe apha ine-2-1⁄4-intshi eshinyeneyo yeesashes zefestile kwaye ixhasa i-1-3⁄8-intshi etyebileyo yomaleko amathathu IGU.Ixabiso le-U livela kwi-0.13 ukuya kwi-0.18, kwaye i-SHGC isuka kwi-0.16 ukuya kwi-0.36.
Ifestile kaMartin ye-Ultimate Double Hung G2 inodonga lwangaphandle lwe-aluminiyam kunye nengaphakathi elingagqitywanga lepine.Ukugqitywa kwangaphandle kwefestile kukusebenza okuphezulu kwePVDF fluoropolymer coating, eboniswe apha kwiCascade Blue.I-sash yefestile ene-triple-glazed igcwele i-argon okanye umoya, kwaye i-U factor yayo iphantsi njenge-0.25, kwaye uluhlu lwe-SHGC luvela kwi-0.25 ukuya kwi-0.28.
Ukuba ifestile enezintlu-ntathu zinentswelo, bubunzima be-IGU.Abanye abavelisi benze iifestile ezintathu ezixhonywe kabini zisebenze, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi, ii-IGU zepaneli ezintathu zilinganiselwe kwi-fixed, ivula icala kunye ne-tilt/turn window imisebenzi.Ifilimu emisiweyo yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi ukuvelisa i-IGU kunye nokusebenza kweglasi ezintathu ezinobunzima obulula.
Yenza ubathathu ube lula ukulawula.I-Alpen inikeza ifilimu ye-mirror eshushu ye-IGU, elungiselelwe ngamagumbi amabini agcwele igesi kunye ne-0.16 U factor kunye ne-0.24 ukuya kwi-0.51 SHGC, kunye nesakhiwo esinamagumbi amane agcwele igesi, ene-0.05 U factor, uluhlu olusuka kwi-SHGC yi-0.22 ukuya ku-0.38.Ukusebenzisa iifilimu ezincinci endaweni yezinye iglasi kunokunciphisa ubunzima kunye nomthamo.
Ukuqhawula umda, i-LiteZone Glass yenza ubukhulu be-IGU bufikelele kwi-7-1⁄2 intshi, kwaye inokuxhoma ukuya kwiingqimba ezisibhozo zefilimu.Awuyi kufumana olu hlobo lweglasi kwiipayini zefestile ezixhonywe kabini, kodwa kwiifestile ezilungisiweyo, ukutyeba okongeziweyo kuya kwandisa ixabiso le-R kumbindi weglasi ukuya kwi-19.6.Isithuba phakathi kweengqimba zefilimu zizaliswe ngumoya kwaye zixhunywe kumbhobho wokulinganisa uxinzelelo.
Iprofayile ye-IGU encinci inokufunyanwa kwiyunithi ye-VIG okanye iyunithi yeglasi ye-vacuum insulated.I-insulation effect ye-vacuum kwi-IGU ingcono kunomoya okanye iintlobo ezimbini zeegesi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuzimela, kwaye isithuba phakathi kweefestile sinokuba sincinci njengeemilimitha ezimbalwa.I-Vacuum iphinda izame ukuphahlazeka izixhobo, ngoko ke ezi zixhobo ze-VIG kufuneka ziyilwe ukuxhathisa lo mkhosi.
I-Spacia ye-Pilkington sisixhobo se-VIG esinobukhulu obuyi-6 mm kuphela, yiyo loo nto inkampani ikhethe njengenketho kwiiprojekthi zokugcinwa kwembali.Ngokutsho koncwadi lwenkampani, i-VIG ibonelela "ngokusebenza okushushu kwe-glazing yendabuko ephindwe kabini kunye nobukhulu obufana ne-double glazing".I-Spacia's U factor ranges ukusuka ku-0.12 ukuya ku-0.25, kwaye i-SHGC isuka kwi-0.46 ukuya kwi-0.66.
Isixhobo se-VIG sika-Pilkington sinepleyiti yeglasi yangaphandle egqunywe nge-coat-emissivity ephantsi, kunye nepleyiti yeglasi engaphakathi yiglasi edadayo ekhanyayo.Ukuze kuthintelwe isithuba se-vacuum eyi-0.2mm ekuweni, iglasi yangaphakathi kunye neglasi yangaphandle yahlulwe yi-1⁄2mm spacer.Ikhava yokukhusela igubungela imingxuma edonsa umoya kwisixhobo kwaye ihlala kwindawo yobomi befestile.
Isikhokelo esithembekileyo nesibanzi esinikwe ziingcali ezijolise ekudaleni indlu enempilo, ekhululekile kunye neyonga amandla
Yiba lilungu, unokufikelela ngoko nangoko amawaka eevidiyo, iindlela zokusetyenziswa, izimvo zesixhobo kunye neempawu zoyilo.
Fumana ufikelelo olupheleleyo kwindawo yeengcebiso zengcali, iividiyo zokusebenza, ukujonga ikhowudi, njalo njalo, kunye neemagazini ezishicilelweyo.