Kev Taw Qhia: Txij li thaum qhov kev taw qhia ntawm Insulating Glass Unit (IGU), cov khoom siv lub qhov rais tau txhim kho tsis tu ncua los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thermal ntawm lub tsev.Tus kws kho tshwj xeeb Scott Gibson (Scott Gibson) tau qhia txog kev nce qib ntawm IGU tsim, los ntawm kev tsim thiab siv cov txheej txheem qis rau kev tsim cov iav qhov rais uas tsis yog ob chav glazing, cov yeeb yaj kiab ncua kev kawm thiab ntau hom insulating gases, thiab yav tom ntej kev nkag siab ntawm tshuab.
Andersen Windows tau tshaj tawm welded insulated iav panels hauv xyoo 1952, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.Cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob daim iav thiab ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev hauv ib yam khoom.Rau cov tswv tsev suav tsis txheeb, Andersen qhov kev tso tawm kev lag luam txhais tau tias xaus rau kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov rais riot.Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nyob rau hauv 70 xyoo dhau los, qhov pib ntawm kev lag luam tau rov txhim kho cov thermal kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov rais.
Multi-pane Insulating Glass Window (IGU) ua ke cov txheej txheem hlau thiab cov roj inert filling Cheebtsam kom lub tsev zoo dua thiab txo cov nqi cua sov thiab cua txias.Los ntawm kev kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm low-emissivity (low-e) coatings thiab xaiv siv lawv, iav manufacturers tuaj yeem kho IGUs rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb.Tab sis txawm tias nrog cov xim zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov pa roj, cov iav manufacturers tseem tawm tsam nyuaj.
Piv nrog rau sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev ua haujlwm siab, cov iav zoo tshaj plaws yuav ua rau cov insulators qis dua.Piv txwv li, cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev uas muaj zog siv hluav taws xob tau ntsuas ntawm R-40, thaum U-factor ntawm lub qhov rais zoo peb-pane yuav yog 0.15, uas tsuas yog sib npaug rau R-6.6.Txoj cai lij choj kev txuag hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb ntawm 2018 xav kom txawm tias nyob hauv thaj chaw txias tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus U coefficient ntawm qhov rais tsuas yog 0.32, uas yog kwv yees li R-3.
Tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab txuas ntxiv mus, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no tuaj yeem ua kom lub qhov rais zoo dua tuaj yeem siv dav dua.Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab suav nrog kev tsim peb-pane nrog lub pane ultra-nyias hauv nruab nrab, lub tsev tso tawm zaj duab xis nrog txog yim txheej sab hauv, lub tshuab nqus tsev rwb thaiv tsev nrog lub iav qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm tshaj R-19, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev rwb thaiv tsev uas yuav luag li. nyias raws li ib lub pane Unit khob.
Rau txhua qhov zoo ntawm Andersen vuam insulating iav, nws muaj qee qhov kev txwv.Kev taw qhia txog cov txheej txheem qis-emissivity hauv xyoo 1982 yog lwm kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau pem hauv ntej.Steve Urich, tus thawj coj ntawm National Window Decoration Rating Board program, tau hais tias cov qauv tsim nyog ntawm cov txheej txheem no txawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom, tab sis lawv yog tag nrho cov microscopic nyias txheej ntawm hlau uas muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog rov qab mus rau nws qhov chaw.- Sab hauv lossis sab nraum lub qhov rais.
Muaj ob txoj kev txheej txheej, hu ua tawv txheej thiab txheej mos.Daim ntawv thov txheej tawv (tseem hu ua pyrolytic coatings) hnub rov qab rau xyoo 1990s thiab tseem siv tau.Hauv kev tsim cov iav, txheej txheej yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm iav-qhov tseem ceeb ci rau saum npoo.Tsis tuaj yeem muab pov tseg.Ib txheej mos (tseem hu ua sputter txheej) yog siv rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum.Lawv tsis muaj zog li cov txheej tawv tawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem raug huab cua, yog li cov tuam ntxhab tsuas yog siv lawv rau saum npoo kom raug kaw.Thaum cov txheej txheem qis-emissivity yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm chav tsev, nws yuav yog txheej tawv.Lub tsho tiv no zoo dua rau kev tswj cov hnub ci cua sov.Cardinal Glass Technical Marketing Director Jim Larsen (Jim Larsen) tau hais tias emissivity coefficient yuav poob mus rau 0.015, uas txhais tau hais tias ntau tshaj 98% ntawm lub zog radiant yog reflected.
Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim hauv kev siv cov txheej txheej hlau uas muaj qhov tuab ntawm tsuas yog 2500 nanometers, cov tuam ntxhab tau dhau los ua tus paub zoo ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem qis-emissivity los tswj cov cua sov thiab lub teeb dhau los ntawm iav.Larson tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheej uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob ntau, cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab cov nyiaj tau txwv tsis pub nqus cov hnub ci tshav kub (lub teeb infrared) thaum tuav lub teeb pom kev ntau li ntau tau.
"Peb tab tom kawm physics ntawm lub teeb," Larson hais."Cov no yog cov ntxaij lim dej precision, thiab cov tuab ntawm txhua txheej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov xim sib npaug ntawm txheej."
Lub Cheebtsam ntawm cov low-e txheej yog ib qho tseem ceeb.Lwm qhov yog qhov uas lawv siv.Lub Low-e txheej qhia txog lub zog hluav taws xob rov qab mus rau nws qhov chaw.Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, yog tias sab nrauv ntawm iav yog coated, lub zog radiant ntawm lub hnub yuav rov qab los rau sab nraud, yog li txo qhov nqus cua sov hauv qhov rais thiab sab hauv tsev.Ib yam li ntawd, cov hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob siv rau sab ntawm ntau lub vaj huam sib luag uas tig mus rau hauv chav yuav cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsim tawm hauv tsev rov qab mus rau hauv chav tsev.Thaum lub caij ntuj no, qhov no feature yuav pab lub tsev khaws cov cua sov.
Advanced low-emissivity coatings tau txo qis U-factor hauv IGU, los ntawm 0.6 lossis 0.65 rau thawj Andersen vaj huam sib luag rau 0.35 thaum ntxov 1980s.Nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo 1980s uas cov roj inert argon tau ntxiv, uas muab lwm yam cuab yeej uas cov tuam txhab iav tuaj yeem siv thiab txo qhov U yam txog li 0.3.Argon hnyav dua huab cua thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv convection zoo nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov rais kaw.Larson tau hais tias qhov kev coj ua ntawm argon kuj tseem qis dua li huab cua, uas tuaj yeem txo cov kev coj ua thiab ua kom cov thermal ua haujlwm ntawm lub iav qhov chaw li ntawm 20%.
Nrog nws, cov chaw tsim khoom thawb lub qhov rais dual-pane rau nws lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws.Nws muaj ob lub 1⁄8 nti panes.Cov iav, qhov chaw 1⁄2 nti ntim nrog cov roj argon, thiab cov txheej txheem qis qis ntxiv rau sab ntawm chav iav.U yam poob mus txog 0.25 lossis qis dua.
Lub qhov rais triple-glazed yog qhov dhia tom ntej.Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog peb daim ntawm 1⁄8 nti.iav thiab ob qhov chaw 1⁄2 nti, txhua kab noj hniav muaj cov txheej txheem qis.Cov roj ntxiv thiab muaj peev xwm siv cov txheej txheem qis-emissivity ntawm ntau qhov chaw zoo heev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.Qhov downside yog tias qhov rais feem ntau hnyav dhau rau ob-dhau sashes uas feem ntau swb nce thiab nqis.iav yog 50% hnyav dua ob chav glazing thiab 1-3⁄8 nti.tuab.Cov IGUs no tsis tuaj yeem haum tsis pub dhau 3⁄4 ntiv tes.Cov hnab iav nrog cov qauv qhov rais thav duab.
Qhov kev muaj hmoo tsis zoo no thawb cov tuam txhab lag luam mus rau qhov rais uas hloov cov iav sab hauv (sab laug lub qhov rais) nrog cov ntawv nyias nyias.Southwall Technologies tau dhau los ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev lag luam nrog nws cov iav iav zaj duab xis, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau peb-txheej lossis txawm tias plaub-txheej glazing nrog tib qhov hnyav li ob chav glazing.Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau lub qhov rais chav tsev kom kaw cov xau nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov rais iav, yog li tso cov roj insulating kom dim thiab cia cov dej noo nkag mus rau sab hauv.Lub qhov rais foob tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm Hurd tau dhau los ua kev npau suav phem tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam.Txawm li cas los xij, daim iav kub tam sim no muaj los ntawm Eastman Chemical Company tseem yog ib qho kev xaiv siv tau hauv ntau lub qhov rais thiab tseem siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li Alpen High Performance Products.
Alpen CEO Brad Begin tau hais txog qhov xwm txheej Hurd: "Txoj kev lag luam tag nrho yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, ua rau qee tus neeg tsim khoom tawg tawm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab raug ncua.""Cov txheej txheem tsis yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis yog tias koj tsis ua haujlwm zoo lossis tsis mloog zoo, xws li txhua lub qhov rais, txhua yam ntawm IG, ces koj yuav tsum raug kev txom nyem ntau dhau ntxov ntxov ntawm qhov chaw. .
Niaj hnub no, cov iav iav kub yog tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua lag luam ntawm DuPont thiab Teijin, thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau Eastman, qhov twg cov txheej txheem qis qis tau txais nyob rau hauv vapor deposition chamber, thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom hloov dua siab tshiab rau IGU.Pib hais tias ib zaug cov zaj duab xis thiab iav txheej tau sib sau ua ke, lawv muab tso rau hauv qhov cub thiab ci ntawm 205 ° F rau 45 feeb.Cov zaj duab xis shrinks thiab tensions nws tus kheej nyob ib ncig ntawm lub gasket nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm chav tsev, ua rau nws loj tsis pom.
Ntev npaum li nws khaws cia, lub qhov rais yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem.Txawm hais tias muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog cov yeeb yaj kiab IGU raug ncua, Pib hais tias Alpen muab 13,000 units rau New York City Empire State Building project cuaj xyoo dhau los, tab sis tsis tau txais cov lus ceeb toom ntawm kev ua tsis tiav.
Qhov tseeb iav tsim kuj tso cai rau cov tuam txhab lag luam pib siv k, uas yog cov roj inert uas muaj cov khoom siv insulating zoo dua li argon.Raws li Dr. Charlie Curcija, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, qhov pom qhov sib txawv yog 7 hli (li 1⁄4 nti), uas yog ib nrab ntawm argon.rypto tsis haum rau 1⁄2 nti IGU.Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov iav daim hlau, tab sis nws hloov tawm tias txoj kev no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev hauv cov iav qhov rais qhov twg qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov iav los yog cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm tsawg dua qhov kev ncua deb.
Kensington (Kensington) yog ib lub tuam txhab muag cov yeeb yaj kiab uas raug tshem tawm.Lub tuam txhab muab k-filled kub iav units nrog R-tus nqi txog li R-10 nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub iav.Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj lub tuam txhab lees txais kev tshem tawm cov txheej txheem zoo li LiteZone Glass Inc. ntawm Canada.LiteZoneGlass Inc. yog ib lub tuam txhab muag IGU nrog lub iav chaw R tus nqi ntawm 19.6.nws zoo li cas?Los ntawm kev ua lub thickness ntawm chav tsev 7.6 nti.
Lub tuam txhab tus thawj tswj hwm Greg Clarahan tau hais tias tsib xyoos dhau los txij li kev txhim kho ntawm IGU, thiab nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2019. Nws hais tias lub tuam txhab lub hom phiaj yog ob: ua IGUs nrog "siab heev" cov nqi rwb thaiv tsev, thiab ua kom lawv muaj zog txaus los txhawb nqa lub neej ntawm lub tsev.Tus tsim qauv lees txais qhov xav tau ntawm cov iav tuab los txhim kho cov thermal ua haujlwm ntawm cov npoo tsis zoo ntawm IGU.
"Lub thickness ntawm chav tsev iav yog qhov tseem ceeb los txhim kho cov thermal kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub qhov rais tag nrho, ua kom qhov kub thiab txias hauv lub khob kom zoo dua qub thiab hloov cov cua sov hauv tag nrho cov rooj sib txoos (suav nrog cov npoo thiab cov ncej) ntau dua."hais.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tuab IGU nthuav qhia cov teeb meem.Chav tsev tuab tshaj plaws uas tsim los ntawm LiteZone muaj yim cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm ntawm ob daim iav.Yog tias tag nrho cov chaw no raug kaw, yuav muaj teeb meem sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, yog li LiteZone tsim lub tsev siv qhov Clarahan hu ua "siab tshuav duct".Nws yog lub raj me me uas tuaj yeem sib npaug ntawm cov cua siab hauv txhua chav nrog cov cua sab nraum lub cuab yeej.Clarahan tau hais tias lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ua rau hauv lub raj tiv thaiv dej vapor los ntawm kev sib sau hauv cov khoom siv thiab tuaj yeem siv tau zoo rau tsawg kawg 60 xyoo.
Lub tuam txhab ntxiv lwm qhov tshwj xeeb.Hloov chaw ntawm kev siv cov cua sov kom txo cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv cov cuab yeej, lawv tsim lub gasket rau ntawm ntug ntawm cov cuab yeej uas ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm me me springs.Clarahan tau hais tias vim tias cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis muaj cua sov, qhov kev ntxhov siab tsawg dua.Lub qhov rais kuj pom lub suab zoo heev.
Suspended zaj duab xis yog ib txoj hauv kev los txo qhov hnyav ntawm ntau lub pane IGUs.Curcija piav txog lwm yam khoom hu ua "Thin Triple," uas tau nyiam cov neeg siv khoom thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam.Nws muaj txheej txheej iav ultra-nyias ntawm 0.7 hli mus rau 1.1 hli (0.027 nti thiab 0.04 nti) ntawm ob txheej txheej ntawm 3 hli iav (0.118 nti).Siv k-filling, cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem ntim rau hauv 3⁄4-nti dav iav lub hnab, tib yam li cov khoom siv ob npaug.
Curcija tau hais tias lub nyias nyias triplet nyuam qhuav pib los ua ib qho chaw hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab tam sim no nws txoj kev lag luam feem ntau tsawg dua 1%.Thaum lawv tau ua lag luam thawj zaug ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo dhau los, cov cuab yeej no tau ntsib kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj rau kev lees paub hauv khw vim lawv cov nqi tsim khoom siab.Tsuas yog Corning tsim cov iav ultra-nyias uas tsim los ntawm tus nqi ntawm $ 8 txog $ 10 ib square feet.Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm k yog kim, txog 100 npaug ntawm tus nqi ntawm argon.
Raws li Kursia, hauv tsib xyoos dhau los, ob yam tau tshwm sim.Ua ntej, lwm lub tuam txhab iav tau pib ntab iav siv cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua, uas yog los ua cov iav qhov rais rau ntawm lub txaj ntawm molten tin.Qhov no tuaj yeem txo tus nqi mus txog 50 xees ib square feet, uas yog sib npaug rau cov iav zoo tib yam.Kev nce siab hauv kev txaus siab hauv LED teeb pom kev zoo tau ua rau muaj kev nce hauv xenon ntau lawm, thiab nws hloov tawm tias k yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov txheej txheem no.Tus nqi tam sim no yog kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm qhov nws tau siv los ua, thiab tus nqi them tag nrho rau ib txheej peb-txheej triple yog li $ 2 ib square feet ntawm cov pa ob-glazed IGU.
Curcija tau hais tias: "Nrog rau peb-tier khib, koj tuaj yeem nce mus rau R-10, yog li yog tias koj xav txog tus nqi ntawm $ 2 ib square feet, nws yog tus nqi zoo heev piv rau R-4 ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog.Ib tug loj leap. "Yog li ntawd, Curcija cia siab tias qhov kev lag luam txaus siab ntawm Mie IGU nce.Andersen tau siv nws rau nws Windows kev lag luam txuas ntxiv kab.Ply lub pov haum, lub qhov rais loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, kuj zoo li xav.Txawm tias Alpen tseem txhawb nqa qhov zoo ntawm lub qhov rais uas raug tshem tawm thiab tau tshawb pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm triple film li.
Mark Montgomery, tus lwm thawj ntawm US qhov rais kev lag luam ntawm Ply lub pov haum, hais tias lub tuam txhab tam sim no tsim 1-hauv-1 cov khoom.Thiab 7⁄8 nti triplets."Peb tab tom sim nrog 3⁄4-hauv.Nws sau hauv email.“Tab sis (peb) tam sim no tuaj yeem ua tiav qib siab ntawm kev ua tau zoo.”
Tsis txhob nrhiav batch hloov dua siab tshiab rau nyias triples tam sim ntawd.Tab sis Begin tau hais tias cov txheej iav nyias nyias yog yooj yim dua rau txheej txheem ntau dua li cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm, muaj peev xwm ua kom cov khoom lag luam nrawm dua, thiab tso cai rau kev siv cov khoom siv sov-ntug los hloov cov hlau tsis muaj zog uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm qee cov yeeb yaj kiab IGUs.
Lub ntsiab lus kawg yog qhov tseem ceeb.Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau muab tshem tawm hauv qhov cub yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntawm cov khoom siv peripheral, uas yuav ua rau lub foob, tab sis cov iav nyias tsis tas yuav ncab, yog li txo qhov teeb meem.
Curcija tau hais tias: "Hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam zaum kawg, ob lub thev naus laus zis muab tib yam, tab sis hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab zoo, iav zoo dua li zaj duab xis."
Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv peb txheej kos los ntawm Larsen tsis yog qhov zoo.Cardinals yog tsim ib co ntawm cov IGUs, tab sis lawv cov nqi yog kwv yees li ob zaug ntawm cov tsoos peb-hauv-ib iav, thiab cov iav ultra-nyias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub module muaj ib tug siab breakage tus nqi.Qhov no yuam kom lub cardinal siv 1.6 hli nruab nrab txheej hloov.
Larsen tau hais tias "Lub tswvyim ntawm lub khob nyias no yog ib nrab ntawm lub zog," Larsen hais."Koj puas yuav yuav iav ib nrab lub zog thiab xav tias yuav siv nws hauv tib qhov loj li ob lub zog iav?Tsis yog. Nws tsuas yog hais tias peb qhov kev tuav pov hwm tawg yog ntau dua. "
Nws hais ntxiv tias kev poob phaus triplets kuj ntsib lwm yam teeb meem.Ib qho laj thawj loj yog tias cov iav nyias nyias nyias yuav tsum tau tempered, uas yog kev kho cua sov kom muaj zog.Tempered iav yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua lag luam, suav txog 40% ntawm Cardinal tag nrho IGU muag.
Thaum kawg, muaj teeb meem ntawm rypto gas filling.Larson tau hais tias Lawrence Berkeley Labs tus nqi kwv yees qis dhau lawm, thiab kev lag luam tau ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev muab cov pa roj ntsha txaus rau IGU.Yuav kom ua tau zoo, 90% ntawm qhov chaw kaw yuav tsum tau ntim nrog roj, tab sis kev lag luam tus qauv kev coj ua tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm nrawm dua li qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag, thiab cov roj ntim cov khoom lag luam hauv khw yuav qis li 20%.
"Muaj kev txaus siab rau qhov no," Larson hais txog qhov poob phaus trio."Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj tsuas tau txais 20% sau qib ntawm cov qhov rais no?Nws tsis yog R-8 iav, tab sis R-4 iav.Qhov no zoo ib yam li thaum siv dual-pane qis-e.Koj muaj txhua yam uas kuv tsis tau txais. "
Ob leeg argon thiab k roj yog cov insulators zoo dua li huab cua, tab sis tsis muaj roj filling (lub tshuab nqus tsev) yuav ua kom zoo dua thermal efficiency, thiab R tus nqi muaj peev xwm nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10 thiab 14 (U coefficient ntawm 0.1 txog 0.07).Curcija tau hais tias lub thickness ntawm chav tsev yog nyias raws li ib leeg-pane iav.
Ib lub tuam txhab Japanese hu ua Nippon Sheet Glass (NSG) twb tau tsim lub tshuab nqus tsev insulating iav (VIG) li.Raws li Curcija, Suav tuam txhab lag luam thiab Guardian Glass ntawm Tebchaws Meskas kuj tau pib tsim cov khoom siv R-10 VIG.(Peb tau sim hu rau Tus Saib Xyuas tab sis tsis tau txais lus teb.)
Muaj kev sib tw.Ua ntej, ib tug tag nrho evacuated core rub ob txheej txheej ntawm iav ua ke.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, cov chaw tsim khoom tau tso me me spacers nruab nrab ntawm cov iav kom tiv thaiv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm kev sib tsoo.Cov ncej me me no tau sib cais los ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb ntawm 1 nti mus rau 2 ntiv tes, tsim qhov chaw ntawm li 50 microns.Yog tias koj saib ze, koj tuaj yeem pom tias lawv yog cov matrix tsis muaj zog.
Manufacturers kuj tawm tsam nrog yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tug kiag li txhim khu kev qha ntug foob.Yog tias nws ua tsis tiav, lub tshuab nqus tsev tsis ua haujlwm, thiab lub qhov rais yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khib nyiab.Curcija hais tias cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem muab ntim rau ntawm cov npoo nrog cov iav molten es tsis txhob siv daim kab xev lossis nplaum rau ntawm IGUs inflatable.Qhov ua kom yuam kev yog tsim kom muaj qhov sib xyaw uas yog mos txaus kom yaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias uas yuav tsis ua rau cov txheej txheem qis-E ntawm lub khob.Txij li thaum lub tshav kub hloov ntawm tag nrho cov cuab yeej yog txwv rau tus ncej sib cais ob daim iav, qhov siab tshaj plaws R tus nqi yuav tsum yog 20.
Curcija tau hais tias cov khoom siv los tsim cov cuab yeej VIG yog kim thiab cov txheej txheem tsis nrawm npaum li cov iav zoo tib yam.Txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam kom nruj zog thiab cov cai hauv tsev yuav ua rau qeeb.
Larson tau hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm U-factor, VIG li tej zaum yuav yog ib tug game changer, tab sis ib qho teeb meem uas lub qhov rais manufacturers yuav tsum overcome yog kub poob ntawm ntug qhov rais.Nws yuav yog ib qho kev txhim kho yog tias VIG tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub thav duab muaj zog nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thermal, tab sis lawv yuav tsis hloov cov qauv kev lag luam ob-pane, inflatable Low-e ntaus ntawv.
Kyle Sword, Pilkington tus thawj tswj hwm kev lag luam hauv North American, tau hais tias ua ib lub chaw muag khoom ntawm NSG, Pilkington tau tsim cov VIG units hu ua Spacia, uas tau siv rau hauv thaj chaw thiab kev lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Cov cuab yeej los ntawm ntau yam kev teeb tsa, suav nrog cov khoom siv uas tsuas yog 1⁄4 nti tuab.Lawv muaj txheej txheej ntawm cov iav qis qis, qhov chaw nqus tsev 0.2 hli thiab txheej sab hauv ntawm pob tshab ntab iav.Ib tug spacer nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.5 hli cais ob daim iav.Lub thickness ntawm Super Spacia version yog 10.2 hli (txog 0.40 nti), thiab U coefficient ntawm lub iav qhov chaw yog 0.11 (R-9).
Ntaj sau rau hauv email: "Feem ntau ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm peb lub tuam tsev VIG tau mus rau hauv cov tsev uas twb muaj lawm.""Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog siv rau kev lag luam, tab sis peb kuj tau ua tiav ntau lub tsev nyob.Cov khoom no Nws tuaj yeem yuav los ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab xaj hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg. "Ntaj tau hais tias ib lub tuam txhab hu ua Heirloom Windows siv lub tshuab nqus tsev hauv nws lub qhov rais, uas yog tsim los kom zoo li cov qhov rais qub hauv cov tsev keeb kwm."Kuv tau tham nrog ntau lub tuam txhab qhov rais hauv tsev uas tuaj yeem siv peb cov khoom," Sword sau."Txawm li cas los xij, IGU tam sim no siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab qhov rai feem ntau niaj hnub no yog li 1 nti tuab, yog li nws lub qhov rais tsim thiab extrusion molding tuaj yeem ua kom haum lub qhov rais tuab."
Ntaj tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm VIG yog li ntawm $ 14 txog $ 15 ib square feet, piv rau $ 8 txog $ 10 ib square feet rau tus qauv 1-nti tuab IGU.
Lwm qhov ua tau yog siv airgel los ua qhov rais.Airgel yog ib yam khoom tsim nyob rau hauv 1931. Nws yog tsim los ntawm extracting kua rau hauv lub gel thiab hloov nws nrog roj.Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov hnyav hnyav hnyav nrog tus nqi R siab heev.Larsen tau hais tias nws daim ntawv thov kev cia siab rau ntawm iav yog dav, nrog lub peev xwm rau kev ua haujlwm thermal zoo dua li peb txheej lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev IGU.Qhov teeb meem yog nws qhov kho qhov muag zoo-nws tsis yog pob tshab kiag li.
Ntau cov thev naus laus zis tau zoo tab tom yuav tshwm sim, tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj qhov cuam tshuam: cov nqi siab dua.Yog tias tsis muaj kev tswj hwm lub zog uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, qee yam thev naus laus zis yuav tsis muaj nyob rau ib ntus.Montgomery tau hais tias: "Peb tau ua haujlwm zoo nrog ntau lub tuam txhab siv cov iav tshiab,"-"paints, thermal / optical / hluav taws xob ntom txheej thiab [lub tshuab nqus tsev iav].Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov no txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub qhov rais, tab sis tam sim no Tus nqi qauv yuav txwv kev saws me nyuam hauv khw hauv tsev. "
Qhov kev ua haujlwm thermal ntawm IGU yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov thermal ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho lub qhov rais.Kab lus no tsom mus rau IGU, tab sis feem ntau yog thaum sib piv cov qib kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub qhov rais, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm cov ntawv nplaum ntawm National Window Frame Rating Board thiab cov chaw tsim khoom lub vev xaib, koj yuav pom qhov "tag nrho lub qhov rais" kev ntsuam xyuas, uas coj mus rau hauv tus account IGU thiab qhov rais. ncej kev ua tau zoo.Raws li ib tug unit.Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm tag nrho lub qhov rais yog ib txwm qis dua lub iav nruab nrab qib ntawm IGU.Txhawm rau nkag siab txog qhov ua tau zoo thiab ua tiav qhov rais ntawm IGU, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog peb nqe lus hauv qab no:
U qhov ntsuas ntsuas tus nqi ntawm cov cua sov hloov mus los ntawm cov khoom siv.Tus nqi U yog qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi R.Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov sib npaug R tus nqi, faib qhov U yam los ntawm 1. Qhov qis dua U txhais tau hais tias muaj cua sov siab dua thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua thermal.Nws yog ib txwm xav kom muaj qhov qis U coefficient.
Lub hnub ci tshav kub nce coefficient (SHGC) dhau los ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob ntawm lub iav.SHGC yog tus lej ntawm 0 (tsis muaj kev sib kis) thiab 1 (tsis muaj kev sib kis).Nws raug nquahu kom siv SHGC qhov rais qis hauv qhov kub, tshav ntuj hauv lub tebchaws kom tshem tawm cov cua sov hauv tsev thiab txo cov nqi cua txias.
Visible light transmittance (VT) Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov teeb pom kev dhau los ntawm lub iav kuj yog tus lej ntawm 0 thiab 1. Qhov loj dua tus naj npawb, lub teeb kis tau ntau dua.Cov qib no feem ntau yog qhov xav tsis thoob, tab sis qhov no yog vim tias tag nrho lub qhov rais theem suav nrog tus ncej.
Thaum lub hnub ci ntsa iab los ntawm qhov rais, lub teeb yuav sov rau saum npoo ntawm lub tsev, thiab qhov kub hauv tsev yuav nce siab.Nws yog qhov zoo thaum lub caij ntuj no txias hauv Maine.Nyob rau hnub kub kub hauv Texas, tsis muaj ntau.Tsawg hnub ci tshav kub nce coefficient (SHGC) qhov rais pab txo cov cua sov hloov mus los ntawm IGU.Ib txoj hauv kev rau cov tuam txhab ua kom qis SHGC yog siv cov txheej txheem qis.Cov pob tshab hlau txheej no yog tsim los thaiv cov kab hluav taws xob ultraviolet, tso cai rau lub teeb pom kev dhau los thiab tswj cov kab hluav taws xob infrared kom haum rau lub tsev thiab nws cov huab cua.Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ib lo lus nug ntawm kev siv txoj cai ntawm cov txheej txheem low-emissivity, tab sis kuj nws qhov chaw thov.Txawm hais tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qauv siv rau cov txheej txheem qis-emissivity, thiab cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov txheej txheej, cov hauv qab no yog cov piv txwv ntau.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txo cov hnub ci tshav kub uas tau txais los ntawm qhov rais yog los npog lawv nrog overhangs thiab lwm yam khoom siv shading.Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub, nws kuj yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los xaiv qhov qis SHGC qhov rais nrog cov coatings tsawg-emissivity.Qhov rais rau cov huab cua txias feem ntau muaj cov txheej txheem qis-emissivity nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub iav sab nrauv-ob qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob lub qhov rais, ob thiab plaub qhov chaw nyob rau hauv peb-pane qhov rais.
Yog tias koj lub tsev nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw txias ntawm lub teb chaws thiab koj xav muab qee lub caij ntuj no cua sov los ntawm kev siv lub hnub ci hluav taws xob, koj xav siv cov txheej txheem qis-emissivity rau sab nrauv ntawm lub iav sab hauv (qhov thib peb txheej txheej) qhov rais , thiab tso saib peb thiab tsib qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rais peb-pane).Xaiv lub qhov rais coated ntawm qhov chaw no yuav tsis tsuas yog tau txais ntau lub hnub ci cua sov, tab sis lub qhov rais kuj tseem yuav pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov hauv tsev.
Muaj ob zaug ntau dua insulating gas.Tus qauv dual pane IGU muaj ob 1⁄8 nti panes.iav, argon puv 1⁄2 nti.Qhov chaw huab cua thiab qis-emissivity txheej ntawm tsawg kawg ib qhov chaw.Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm ob chav pane iav, cov chaw tsim khoom tau ntxiv lwm daim iav, uas tsim kom muaj kab noj hniav ntxiv rau cov roj insulating.Tus qauv peb-pane qhov rais muaj peb lub qhov rais 1⁄8-nti.iav, 2 1⁄2 inch gas-filled spaces, thiab low-E txheej hauv txhua kab noj hniav.Cov no yog peb piv txwv ntawm peb-pane qhov rais los ntawm domestic manufacturers.U yam thiab SHGC yog cov theem ntawm tag nrho lub qhov rais.
Lub qhov rais ecoSmart ntawm Great Lakes Qhov rai (Ply Gem Company) muaj polyurethane ua npuas ncauj rwb thaiv tsev hauv PVC thav duab.Koj tuaj yeem xaj qhov rais nrog ob-pane lossis triple-pane iav thiab argon lossis K gas.Lwm cov kev xaiv muaj xws li cov txheej txheem uas tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob thiab cov txheej txheem nyias nyias hu ua Easy-Clean.U yam nyob ntawm 0.14 txog 0.20, thiab SHGC nyob ntawm 0.14 txog 0.25.
Sierra Pacific Windows yog ib lub tuam txhab sib koom ua ke.Raws li lub tuam txhab, lub extruded aluminium sab nrauv yog them nrog ib tug ntoo qauv ntawm Ponderosa ntoo thuv los yog Douglas ntoo thuv, uas yog los ntawm nws tus kheej sustainable forestry teg num.Aspen chav tsev qhia ntawm no muaj 2-1⁄4-nti tuab qhov rais sashes thiab txhawb 1-3⁄8-nti tuab peb txheej IGU.Tus nqi U yog li ntawm 0.13 txog 0.18, thiab SHGC yog li ntawm 0.16 txog 0.36.
Martin's Ultimate Double Hung G2 qhov rais muaj ib qho txhuas extruded sab nrauv phab ntsa thiab ib qho tsis tiav ntoo thuv sab hauv.Sab nrauv tiav ntawm lub qhov rais yog qhov ua tau zoo PVDF fluoropolymer txheej, qhia ntawm no hauv Cascade Blue.Lub qhov rais triple-glazed sash yog ntim nrog argon lossis huab cua, thiab nws qhov U yam tsawg li 0.25, thiab qhov ntau ntawm SHGC yog los ntawm 0.25 txog 0.28.
Yog tias peb lub qhov rais muaj qhov tsis zoo, nws yog qhov hnyav ntawm IGU.Qee lub tuam txhab tau ua peb-pane ob-dhau qhov rais ua haujlwm, tab sis ntau zaus, peb-pane IGUs raug txwv rau kev kho, sab-qhib thiab qaij / tig qhov rais ua haujlwm.Cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom los tsim IGU nrog peb txheej iav kev ua tau zoo nrog lub teeb yuag.
Ua kom lub triad yooj yim los tswj.Alpen muaj cov iav kub iav IGU, uas tau teeb tsa nrog ob chav roj ntim nrog 0.16 U yam thiab 0.24 txog 0.51 SHGC, thiab cov qauv nrog plaub chav ntim roj, uas muaj 0.05 U yam, thaj tsam ntawm SHGC yog 0.22. rau 0,38.Siv cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias es tsis txhob siv lwm cov iav tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav thiab ntim.
Ua txhaum txoj cai, LiteZone iav ua rau lub thickness ntawm IGU ncav cuag 7-1⁄2 ntiv tes, thiab tuaj yeem dai rau yim txheej ntawm zaj duab xis.Koj yuav tsis pom hom iav no hauv cov qauv ob-dhau qhov rais panes, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov qhov rais ruaj khov, cov tuab ntxiv yuav ua rau R-tus nqi ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub khob rau 19.6.Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov zaj duab xis txheej yog ntim nrog huab cua thiab txuas nrog lub siab sib npaug ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Qhov thinnest IGU profile tuaj yeem pom ntawm VIG chav tsev lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev insulated iav.Cov nyhuv rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm IGU yog qhov zoo dua li ntawm huab cua lossis ob hom roj cua uas feem ntau siv rau kev sib cais, thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov rais tuaj yeem me me li ob peb millimeters.Lub tshuab nqus tsev kuj tseem sim tsoo cov cuab yeej, yog li cov cuab yeej VIG no yuav tsum tau tsim los tiv thaiv lub zog no.
Pilkington's Spacia yog VIG ntaus ntawv nrog lub thickness ntawm 6 hli xwb, uas yog vim li cas lub tuam txhab xaiv nws los ua ib qho kev xaiv rau tej yaam num preservation.Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tuam txhab, VIG muab "kev ua haujlwm thermal ntawm cov tsoos ob chav glazing nrog tib lub thickness li ob chav glazing".Spacia's U yam nyob ntawm 0.12 txog 0.25, thiab SHGC nyob ntawm 0.46 txog 0.66.
Pilkington's VIG ntaus ntawv muaj cov iav phaj txheej txheej nrog cov txheej txheem qis, thiab lub phaj iav sab hauv yog pob tshab ntab iav.Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov 0.2 hli lub tshuab nqus tsev los ntawm kev sib tsoo, lub iav sab hauv thiab sab nrauv yog sib cais los ntawm 1⁄2mm spacer.Kev tiv thaiv npog npog lub qhov uas rub cov cua los ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw rau lub neej ntawm lub qhov rais.
Txhim khu kev qha thiab kev taw qhia muab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txhawm rau tsim lub tsev noj qab haus huv, xis nyob thiab muaj zog
Ua ib tug tswv cuab, koj tuaj yeem nkag tau tam sim ntau txhiab tus yeeb yaj kiab, siv txoj hauv kev, cov lus pom thiab cov qauv tsim.
Tau txais tag nrho qhov chaw nkag mus rau cov kws tshaj lij cov lus qhia, cov yeeb yaj kiab ua haujlwm, kev kuaj xyuas code, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau cov ntawv xov xwm luam tawm.