Copper Factor 1

Mu February 2008, bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) linavomereza kulembetsa 275 antimicrobial copper alloys.Pofika mu April 2011, chiwerengerochi chinakula kufika pa 355. Izi zimalola anthu kuti azinena kuti mkuwa, mkuwa ndi bronze zimatha kupha mabakiteriya owopsa, omwe angakhale oopsa.Copper ndiye chinthu choyamba cholimba chapamwamba kulandira mtundu uwu wa kulembetsa kwa EPA, komwe kumathandizidwa ndi kuyesa kokwanira kwa antimicrobial.*

*Kulembetsa ku US EPA kumatengera mayeso odziyimira pawokha a labotale omwe akuwonetsa kuti, akatsukidwa pafupipafupi, mkuwa, mkuwa ndi mkuwa amapha oposa 99.9% a mabakiteriya otsatirawa mkati mwa maola awiri akuwonekera: Osamva Methicillin.Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), Vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecalis(VRE),Staphylococcus aureus,Enterobacter aerogenes,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,ndi E.koliO157:H7.

Copper Fact 2

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) akuti matenda omwe amapezeka m'zipatala zaku US amakhudza anthu mamiliyoni awiri chaka chilichonse ndipo amapha pafupifupi 100,000 pachaka.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma alloys amkuwa pamalo okhudzidwa pafupipafupi, monga chowonjezera pamankhwala omwe alipo a CDC oti azisamba m'manja ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu.

Mkuwa 3

Kuthekera kwa ma alloys a antimicrobial komwe angathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda m'malo azachipatala ndi awa: zida zapakhomo ndi mipando, njanji zapabedi, ma tray ogona, ma intravenous (IV), ma dispensers, faucets, masinki ndi malo ogwirira ntchito. .

Copper Mfundo 4

Maphunziro oyambilira ku University of Southampton, UK, ndi mayeso omwe adachitika ku ATS-Labs ku Eagan, Minnesota, a EPA akuwonetsa kuti ma alloys okhala ndi 65% kapena kuposerapo mkuwa amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi:

• Methicillin wosamvaStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA)
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecalis(VRE)
• Enterobacter aerogenes
• Escherichia coliO157:H7
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Mabakiteriyawa amaonedwa kuti ndi oimira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa komanso omwe nthawi zambiri amapha.

Kafukufuku wa EPA akuwonetsa kuti pamtunda wa aloyi yamkuwa, kuposa 99.9% ya MRSA, komanso mabakiteriya ena omwe tawonetsedwa pamwambapa, amaphedwa mkati mwa maola awiri kutentha kwachipinda.

Copper Mfundo 5

MRSA "superbug" ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timalimbana ndi maantibayotiki ambiri ndipo, motero, ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza.Ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda m'zipatala ndipo zimapezekanso m'deralo.Malinga ndi CDC, MRSA ingayambitse matenda aakulu, omwe angakhale pachiswe.

Mkuwa 6

Mosiyana ndi zokutira kapena mankhwala ena, mphamvu ya antibacterial ya zitsulo zamkuwa sizitha.Zimakhala zolimba podutsa-ndi-kudutsa ndipo zimagwira ntchito ngakhale zikakanda.Amapereka chitetezo chanthawi yayitali;pomwe, zokutira zothira tizilombo ndizosalimba, ndipo zimatha kuwonongeka kapena kutha pakapita nthawi.

Mkuwa 7

Mayesero azachipatala omwe amathandizidwa ndi ndalama zonse anayambika m'zipatala zitatu zaku US mu 2007. Iwo akuwunika mphamvu ya ma aloyi amkuwa a antimicrobial pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda a MRSA, olimbana ndi vancomycin.Enterococci(VRE) ndiAcinetobacter baumannii, yodetsa nkhawa kwambiri kuyambira chiyambi cha nkhondo ya Iraq.Kafukufuku wowonjezera akufuna kudziwa momwe mkuwa umagwirira ntchito pa ma virus ena omwe angakhale akupha, kuphatikizaKlebsiella pneumophila,Legionella pneumophila,Rotavirus, chimfine A,Aspergillus niger,Salmonella enterica,Campylobacter jejunindi ena.

Copper 8

Dongosolo lachiwiri lothandizidwa ndi bungwe la Congress ndikufufuza kuthekera kwa mkuwa kuletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda obwera ndi mpweya m'malo a HVAC (kutentha, mpweya wabwino komanso zowongolera mpweya).M'nyumba zamakono, pali nkhawa yaikulu yokhudzana ndi mpweya wamkati komanso kukhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kowonjezera ukhondo wamakina a HVAC, omwe akukhulupirira kuti ndi omwe amapitilira 60% mwazochitika zonse zomanga odwala (mwachitsanzo, zipsepse za aluminiyamu m'makina a HVAC adadziwika kuti ndi magwero a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono).

Mkuwa 9

Kwa anthu omwe alibe chitetezo chamthupi, kukhudzana ndi tizilombo tamphamvu kuchokera ku machitidwe a HVAC kumatha kubweretsa matenda oopsa komanso nthawi zina amapha.Kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wa antimicrobial m'malo mwa zida za biologically-inert mu chubu chosinthira kutentha, zipsepse, ma condensate drip pan ndi zosefera zitha kukhala njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo yothandizira kuwongolera kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndi bowa omwe amakula bwino mumdima, wonyowa wa HVAC. machitidwe.

Copper Mfundo 10

Copper chubu imathandiza kuthetsa miliri ya Legionnaire's Disease, kumene mabakiteriya amamera ndi kufalikira kuchokera mu chubu ndi zipangizo zina mu makina oziziritsira mpweya osapangidwa ndi mkuwa.Mkuwa pamwamba ndi inhospitable kukula kwaLegionellandi mabakiteriya ena.

Copper Mfundo 11

M’chigawo cha Bordeaux ku France, wasayansi wa ku France wa zaka za m’ma 1800 Millardet anaona kuti mipesa yopakidwa ndi phala la copper sulfate ndi laimu kuti mphesazo zisakopeke ndi kuba zimawoneka ngati zopanda matenda a downy mildew.Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala (otchedwa Bordeaux Mixture) a mildew yowopsya ndipo zinayambitsa kuyamba kupopera mbewu zoteteza mbewu.Mayesero osakaniza ndi mkuwa polimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mafangasi posakhalitsa anasonyeza kuti matenda ambiri a zomera angathe kupewedwa ndi mkuwa wochepa.Kuyambira pamenepo, fungicides yamkuwa yakhala yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Copper Mfundo 12

Pamene anali kuchita kafukufuku ku India mu 2005, katswiri wina wa ku England, dzina lake Rob Reed, anaona anthu akumudzi akusunga madzi m’zotengera zamkuwa.Atawafunsa chifukwa chomwe amagwiritsira ntchito mkuwa, anthu a m’mudzimo adati umawateteza ku matenda obwera ndi madzi monga kutsekula m’mimba ndi kamwazi.Reed adayesa chiphunzitso chawo pansi pazasayansi poyambitsaE. kolimabakiteriya kuthirira mu mitsuko yamkuwa.Mkati mwa maola 48, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya amoyo m’madzimo kunali kutachepetsedwa kukhala milingo yosazindikirika.